1 C++ Foundations and Syntax Free Online FlashCards

Where does a hosted C++ program begin execution?

Execution begins in the global function named `main` in a hosted C++ environment.

What are the main stages from C++ source to execution?

Preprocessing handles directives, compilation translates source into object files, linking combines objects and libraries, and execution runs the resulting executable.

How does a C++ single-line comment begin?

A single-line comment begins with `//` and continues to the end of the line.

Why cannot `class` normally be used as a variable name?

A keyword is a reserved word with special meaning in C++, so it cannot normally be used as a variable, function, or class name.

What rules apply to C++ identifiers?

An identifier may contain letters, digits, and underscores, but it cannot begin with a digit, be a keyword, or use reserved implementation-style names.

How do character and string literals differ in C++?

A character literal uses single quotes, such as `'A'`; a string literal uses double quotes, such as `"C++"`.

What value does `nullptr` represent?

`nullptr` represents the null pointer value in C++.

How is `2 + 3 * 4` grouped by operator precedence?

Multiplication and division generally bind more tightly than addition and subtraction, so `2 + 3 * 4` evaluates as `14`.

What is the difference between `=` and `==`?

`=` assigns a value, whereas `==` tests whether two values are equal.

How does C++ print a value to standard output?

`std::cout` sends data to standard output, normally the console, using the insertion operator `<<`.

How does C++ read formatted input?

`std::cin` reads formatted input from standard input using the extraction operator `>>`.

What does the `std::` prefix indicate?

The `std::` prefix identifies a name from the standard library’s `std` namespace, such as `std::cout`.