1 How the Web and Browsers Work Free Online FlashCards

What does HTML define on a web page?

HTML describes a page’s content and structure, including elements such as headings, paragraphs, links, and images.

What does CSS control?

CSS controls how page elements look and are arranged, including their color, typography, spacing, and layout.

What role does JavaScript play in a web page?

JavaScript runs instructions in the browser and can respond to user actions, update the DOM, change styles, or process data.

What is the Document Object Model (DOM)?

The DOM is a tree of objects representing a document’s elements and text, built when the browser parses HTML.

How do <head> and <body> differ?

The <head> contains metadata and resource references; the <body> contains the page’s visible content.

What do semantic HTML elements communicate?

Semantic elements such as <header>, <main>, and <footer> describe the meaning or role of different page sections.

What does a browser do when you navigate to a page?

When you navigate to a page, the browser requests it from a web server.

Must a browser download all HTML before parsing it?

The browser can parse arriving HTML and begin building the DOM before the entire document has downloaded.

What is the CSS Object Model (CSSOM)?

The CSS Object Model (CSSOM) is the style information the browser builds by parsing CSS.

What information does the render tree combine?

The render tree combines content and styles needed for the visible page.

What does the browser calculate during layout?

During layout, the browser calculates the size and position of visible elements.

What happens during the browser’s paint step?

During painting, the browser turns the rendered result into pixels on the screen; it may also composite layers.