1 Programming Fundamentals and Problem Solving Free Online FlashCards

What is an algorithm?

An algorithm is a finite, ordered set of precise steps for solving a problem or completing a task.

What is decomposition in problem solving?

Decomposition divides a complicated problem into smaller, manageable subtasks, such as reading scores, validating them, and calculating an average.

What is pseudocode?

Pseudocode is an informal, code-like description of an algorithm that focuses on logic without requiring a specific language’s syntax.

What is a variable?

A variable is a named reference to a value that preserves information while a program runs.

What does a conditional do?

A conditional selects which instructions execute based on a Boolean expression. In an if/else chain, conditions are checked from top to bottom.

What is the purpose of a loop?

A loop repeats a block of instructions while processing items or waiting for a condition to change.

How does a WHILE loop work?

A WHILE loop repeats as long as its condition is true. Its condition must eventually become false to prevent an infinite loop.

What is a function?

A function is a named, reusable block of instructions. It can accept inputs, return a value, modify data, or perform an action.

Arguments versus parameters?

Arguments are the values supplied when a function is called; parameters are the names in the function definition that receive those values.

What is an array?

An array is an ordered collection accessed by position. In many languages, indexing begins at zero.

What does an object group together?

An object groups related data and operations. Its data may be called properties or fields, while its associated operations are methods.

What is a class?

A class is a definition or blueprint used to create objects, describing the data and behavior their instances should have.