2 Hematology and Coagulation Laboratory Values Free Online FlashCards

Which components does a CBC measure?

A CBC measures red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red-cell indices.

How should CBC reference intervals be interpreted?

Reference intervals vary by laboratory and may depend on patient factors and clinical context. Use the range on the report and consider symptoms and trends.

What can a WBC result establish about infection?

A high WBC can support concern for infection but does not prove infection; a normal WBC does not rule it out.

What does low hemoglobin commonly indicate?

Low hemoglobin commonly reflects reduced oxygen-carrying capacity or blood loss. Assess symptoms and possible bleeding; a single result does not determine severity.

What can low and high MCV suggest?

Low MCV is microcytic and can occur with iron deficiency or thalassemia. High MCV is macrocytic and can occur with vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.

Why can a low platelet count increase bleeding risk?

A low platelet count can impair formation of the initial platelet plug and increase bleeding risk, especially as the count falls or active bleeding occurs.

How should fever with known or suspected neutropenia be handled?

Fever with known or suspected neutropenia is urgent: assess the patient and follow the organization’s infection-escalation pathway promptly.

Which findings can signal bleeding with thrombocytopenia?

Look for petechiae, new bruising, gum or nose bleeding, blood in urine or stool, heavy menstrual bleeding, persistent puncture-site bleeding, and severe headache or neurologic change.

What are common precautions for increased bleeding risk?

Common precautions include avoiding unnecessary needle sticks and trauma, applying prolonged pressure after venipuncture, and using a soft toothbrush and electric razor when appropriate.

What does PT/INR assess, and what can a high INR mean?

PT/INR assesses the extrinsic and common clotting pathways and is used to monitor warfarin. A high INR means slower clot formation and greater bleeding concern.

What does aPTT assess, and which therapy may it monitor?

aPTT assesses the intrinsic and common clotting pathways and may be used to monitor unfractionated heparin.

Why can’t a clotting test alone determine bleeding or clotting?

A clotting test result alone does not establish whether a patient is bleeding or clotting. Assess for both bleeding signs and symptoms such as unilateral leg swelling, sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, or new neurologic symptoms.