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Which fluid type is commonly used for intravascular volume resuscitation?

Isotonic crystalloids, such as 0.9% sodium chloride or balanced crystalloids, are commonly used when resuscitation is clinically indicated.

What is the purpose of routine IV fluid maintenance?

Routine maintenance replaces ordinary water and electrolyte needs when these cannot be met orally or enterally.

What is the general principle for replacing ongoing fluid losses?

Estimate the amount and type of loss, account for maintenance needs and other intake, then reassess as the patient’s condition changes.

Why is dextrose in water not a lasting intravascular resuscitation fluid?

After the dextrose is metabolized, the remaining water distributes beyond the bloodstream as free water; it is not a lasting intravascular volume expander.

What are the 5 Rs of IV fluid therapy?

The 5 Rs are resuscitation, routine maintenance, replacement, redistribution, and reassessment.

Which sources and losses belong in an overall fluid balance estimate?

Include oral and enteral intake, IV fluids, medication carriers, and measured losses when estimating the overall fluid plan.

Name findings that may signal fluid overload during IV therapy.

New or worsening breathlessness, crackles, peripheral or dependent edema, and rapid weight gain may signal fluid overload.

Does low urine output alone indicate a need for an IV fluid bolus?

Low urine output alone does not prove that a fluid bolus is needed; assess circulation, fluid balance, examination, laboratory results, and possible causes.

What should you do first if an IV site becomes swollen, cool, and uncomfortable?

Stop the infusion and assess the site and patient; swelling and coolness may indicate infiltration. Follow local policy and escalate when needed.

Which IV catheter-site changes require prompt assessment?

Assess pain, redness, warmth, swelling, leakage, or line malfunction promptly, and check the catheter site and dressing regularly.

What commonly informs reassessment during ongoing IV therapy?

Ongoing reassessment commonly includes examination, intake and output, weight, and laboratory results such as renal function and electrolytes.

Why should IV fluid therapy be reassessed and stopped when no longer needed?

Reassess the indication, response, fluid balance, and laboratory results; stop IV fluids when no longer needed to reduce avoidable harm.