01 Foundations of Statistics and Data Collection Online Quiz Questions

A researcher wants to estimate the average daily screen time of all students at a university and obtains usable responses from 500 students. Which group is the target population?

Which statement correctly distinguishes random sampling from random assignment?

A researcher records each participant's year of birth. Which measurement scale best describes this variable?

Which two methods are probability-sampling methods as defined in the material? Select all correct choices.

Which practices or principles reflect the ethical responsibilities described in the Materials? Select all correct choices.

True or false: If an observational study finds that night-shift workers have higher hypertension rates, the study by itself establishes that night-shift work causes hypertension.

True or false: Increasing the sample size will necessarily eliminate systematic bias caused by an unrepresentative sampling frame.

What is the statistical term for the list or procedure used to identify units eligible for selection?

What term describes a variable related to both an explanatory variable and an outcome that can create a misleading association?

A school wants to determine whether an online tutoring program improves algebra performance. Propose a study design and explain how the design would support or limit a causal conclusion. Include the treatment assignment, outcome measurement, at least one bias-control procedure, and one ethical or generalization issue.

A university emails a randomly selected group about a health survey, but students with very demanding schedules are much less likely to respond, and schedule demands are related to the health outcome. Which problem is most directly described?

A researcher wants to estimate the average daily screen time of all students at a university and obtains usable responses from 500 students. What is the target population?

A survey records political affiliation by coding Party A as 1, Party B as 2, and Party C as 3. How should this variable be classified?

An observational study finds that people carrying umbrellas are more likely to be involved in traffic accidents. Which variable is the most plausible confounder?

True or false: Increasing a sample size necessarily eliminates systematic selection bias.

What is the statistical term for converting an abstract concept such as “academic achievement” into a specific observable measurement rule?

Researchers compare people who developed a disease with similar people who did not develop it, then examine their previous exposures. Which design is being used?

A survey about health habits uses a leading question that encourages participants to underreport behaviors viewed as unhealthy. Responses are therefore systematically different from the quantities the study intends to measure. What type of bias is most directly illustrated?