03 The Greek Polis and the Archaic Age Free Online FlashCards

What did a Greek polis include?

A polis was a political community that included an urban center, surrounding farmland and villages, and citizens who shared institutions, laws, religious practices, and obligations.

How were Greek colonies usually governed?

Greek colonies were usually independent poleis, not territories governed by their founding cities, though they could retain trade, religious, and kinship ties.

What was a hoplite phalanx?

A phalanx was a close formation used by hoplite infantry soldiers, who fought with armor, spear, and shield.

What did “tyrant” mean in ancient Greek politics?

In ancient Greek usage, a tyrant held power outside the customary constitutional framework; the term did not always imply modern-style cruelty.

Who were the helots in Sparta?

Helots were conquered people compelled to farm land and provide produce to Spartan citizens.

What did Solon's reforms change in Athens?

Solon cancelled certain debts, ended pledging a person's freedom for debt, and organized citizens by wealth. His reforms widened some participation but did not create full democracy.

What was the agora?

The agora was a public gathering place and market where citizens could meet and discuss common affairs.

What was an acropolis?

An acropolis was a defensible high point in a polis, often containing important sanctuaries.

Why did Greeks establish overseas settlements?

People migrated for reasons including access to farmland and trade, population pressures, and conflict in their home communities.

How did colonization connect Greek communities with other cultures?

Colonization expanded trade and cultural exchange. Greek communities adopted the alphabet by adapting a Phoenician writing system.

Who were the perioikoi?

Perioikoi were free inhabitants of surrounding communities. They had local autonomy but no equal role in Spartan citizenship.

Which institutions shared authority in Sparta?

Sparta's institutions included two hereditary kings, a council of elders called the gerousia, five annually chosen ephors, and a citizen assembly.