Study 3 Demographic Transition and Population Change with 12 free online flashcards. Review key terms, definitions, and concepts with this interactive flashcard deck.
What broad change does the demographic transition model describe?
The demographic transition model describes a broad historical shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, with death rates generally declining first.
What is natural increase?
Natural increase is the difference between births and deaths: births minus deaths.
How is total population change accounted for?
Population change = births − deaths + net migration.
What is population momentum?
Population momentum is continued growth or decline associated with a population’s age structure.
What happens to population growth in Stage 2?
In Stage 2, death rates fall while birth rates remain high, widening the gap between births and deaths and producing rapid natural increase.
How does population growth change in Stage 3?
In Stage 3, birth rates begin to fall while death rates remain relatively low. Growth slows but the population may still increase substantially.
What population pattern characterizes Stage 4?
Stage 4 has low birth and death rates, so natural increase is small and the population may be stable or grow slowly.
What pattern does the optional Stage 5 describe?
The optional Stage 5 describes sustained birth rates below death rates, which can bring natural decrease and population ageing. It is not a universally accepted stage.
Why can population growth accelerate during the transition?
When mortality falls before fertility, births temporarily far outnumber deaths. If both rates fell together, this rapid-growth interval would be much smaller.
Why should the classic DTM not be treated as a universal timetable?
The classic model was developed from Western European experience, especially England and Wales. Other countries may follow different routes, speeds, interruptions, or reversals.
Which factors can make total population change differ from the DTM’s birth–death pattern?
The simple DTM focuses on births and deaths and omits migration and population momentum, which can make total population change differ from natural increase.
How does population density differ from population growth?
Arithmetic density is population divided by land area. Density is distinct from growth: a densely populated country may shrink, while a less densely populated country may grow quickly.
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