4 Control Flow and Logic Free Online FlashCards

What is a sequence in program control flow?

A sequence executes instructions in order, from top to bottom, once each.

What does a conditional do?

A conditional selects which statements execute based on whether a Boolean condition is true or false.

How does Python choose among if and elif branches?

Only the first branch whose condition is true runs. If no condition is true, the else branch runs, when present.

What is the difference between = and ==?

= assigns a value, whereas == tests whether two values are equal.

What do Python’s and, or, and not operators do?

and is true only when both expressions are true; or is true when at least one is true; not reverses a Boolean value.

What is short-circuit evaluation?

Short-circuit evaluation stops when the final result is already known. For example, and can avoid division if its first condition is false.

When is a for loop commonly used?

Use a for loop to process each item in a sequence or iterate through a known range of values.

Which values does range(1, 5) produce?

range(1, 5) produces 1, 2, 3, and 4; its ending value, 5, is excluded.

What is an accumulator in a loop?

An accumulator stores a running result that is updated during each loop iteration, such as a sum, count, or product.

How does a while loop control repetition?

A while loop repeats as long as its condition remains true. The condition is tested before each iteration.

What is the difference between break and continue?

break immediately ends the nearest loop, while continue skips the rest of the current iteration and starts the next one.

What is a nested control structure?

A nested structure places one control structure inside another, such as an if statement inside a loop.