4 Ventilation Principles and Support Free Online FlashCards

How do ventilation and oxygenation differ?

Ventilation moves air and removes carbon dioxide; oxygenation transfers oxygen into the blood. They are related but not interchangeable.

When is bag-mask ventilation used?

Bag-mask ventilation provides temporary positive-pressure breaths when a patient is apneic or breathing inadequately.

Which airway maneuver is preferred if cervical-spine injury is suspected?

Use head-tilt/chin-lift when appropriate; use jaw thrust if cervical-spine injury is suspected.

How should a BVM breath be delivered?

Give each breath smoothly over about $1$ second, using only enough volume for visible chest rise. Allow the chest to fall fully before the next breath.

How are tasks divided in two-rescuer BVM?

One rescuer uses both hands to lift the jaw and seal the mask; the other squeezes the bag.

How do volume control and pressure control differ?

Volume control delivers a set tidal volume while pressure varies; pressure control delivers a set inspiratory pressure while tidal volume varies with mechanics and effort.

What does assist-control ventilation provide?

Assist-control provides a minimum set rate and supports additional breaths triggered by the patient.

What important support does pressure support generally not guarantee?

Pressure support assists patient-triggered breaths but generally does not guarantee a minimum rate by itself.

How is minute ventilation estimated?

Minute ventilation is approximately tidal volume multiplied by respiratory rate: $\dot V_E \approx V_T \times f$.

What lung-protective targets are recommended for adults with ARDS?

For adults with ARDS, guidelines recommend tidal volume of $4\text{–}8\ \mathrm{mL/kg}$ predicted body weight and plateau pressure below $30\ \mathrm{cm\ H_2O}$.

What can a rising peak pressure with unchanged plateau pressure suggest?

A higher peak pressure with relatively unchanged plateau pressure often suggests increased airway resistance. Elevations in both may indicate reduced compliance or overdistention.

Which ventilator settings chiefly support oxygenation, and what is one risk of higher PEEP?

FiO₂ and PEEP are the principal adjustable supports for oxygenation. Increased PEEP may improve oxygenation but can lower blood pressure or overdistend lung units.