6 Multisystem Trauma Integration Free Online FlashCards

In xABCDE, what does x prioritize?

The x is for exsanguinating hemorrhage: find and control immediately life-threatening external bleeding, and consider concealed bleeding when indicated.

Why repeat the primary survey and track trends?

Repeat the primary survey after interventions and whenever the condition changes. Track trends: a normal initial blood pressure does not rule out evolving shock.

Which physiologic problems should be prevented after severe TBI?

Hypoxemia and hypotension are associated with worse outcomes after severe TBI. Repeatedly monitor oxygen saturation and blood pressure, promptly correct hypoxemia, and avoid hypotension.

How should major hemorrhage be managed when significant TBI is also suspected?

Treat major hemorrhage promptly while protecting oxygenation and blood pressure. Do not use permissive hypotension in a patient with significant TBI; follow the applicable local resuscitation protocol.

What should guide trauma destination decisions?

Use current local field-triage criteria and consider physiology, injury pattern, mechanism, special factors, travel time, and regional capabilities. Severe TBI planning should account for timely imaging and neurosurgical capability.

How does closed-loop communication work?

Direct each task to a named team member, who repeats it, completes it, and reports the result. State changes in condition aloud and confirm the team has heard them.

What should the team do if a life-threatening problem appears during the secondary survey?

After immediate threats are addressed, perform a focused head-to-toe survey and history. If a life-threatening problem appears, stop the secondary survey and treat it.

What does A in xABCDE assess?

Check whether the patient can speak and maintain an open airway. Clear or suction obstruction and use appropriate airway maneuvers and adjuncts; avoid delaying essential airway care for spinal motion restriction.

What does B in xABCDE assess?

Assess chest movement, breathing effort, oxygenation, and breath sounds. Recognize and promptly treat immediately dangerous chest problems within scope and protocol.

What does C in xABCDE assess?

Assess pulse, skin, mental status, blood pressure, and perfusion. Look for bleeding in wounds and concealed sites such as the chest, abdomen, pelvis, and long bones.

What does D in xABCDE assess?

Rapidly assess mental status, pupils, and motor or sensory deficits; record a GCS when feasible. Repeat the examination to detect deterioration.

What does E in xABCDE require?

Expose enough to find injuries, then cover the patient and actively prevent heat loss. Hypothermia can worsen bleeding and complicate resuscitation.