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Free Practice Quiz Question List

01 Earth as a Geological System Online Quiz Questions

Use this free practice quiz with 20 questions to review 01 Earth as a Geological System, test your knowledge, and prepare for your next test or exam.

20 questions
01
True or false
1 point

The mantle is mostly solid, but its rock can deform and flow slowly over long periods.

  1. A

    True

  2. B

    False

02
Choose one
1 point

Lava cools and solidifies at or near Earth’s surface. What kind of material does this process form?

  1. A

    Sedimentary

  2. B

    Igneous

  3. C

    Metamorphic

  4. D

    Mineral

03
Written response
1 point

What is the name of the hotter, weaker layer beneath the lithosphere that deforms slowly and allows tectonic plates to move?

04
Fill in the blank
1 point

A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with an orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical .

05
True or false
1 point

Earth’s mechanical layers, such as the lithosphere and asthenosphere, do not line up exactly with its compositional layers, such as the crust and mantle.

  1. A

    True

  2. B

    False

06
Choose one
1 point

Which seismic observation is evidence that Earth’s outer core is liquid?

  1. A

    They travel through the outer core faster than through the mantle.

  2. B

    They reflect only from the boundary between crust and mantle.

  3. C

    They are not transmitted through the outer core.

  4. D

    They show that the inner core is liquid.

07
Written response
1 point

Sand is deposited, buried, and cemented into rock. What rock class does this process form?

08
Choose all
1 point

Select all the sources that contribute to Earth’s internal heat.

  1. A

    Uneven heating of the surface by the Sun

  2. B

    Radioactive decay within Earth

  3. C

    Heat left over from Earth’s formation

  4. D

    Gravity moving loose material downhill

09
Choose one
1 point

What is a geologic map primarily used to show?

  1. A

    It shows where geological units occur and how they relate.

  2. B

    It directly samples the entire mantle.

  3. C

    It measures the age of every rock unit without other evidence.

  4. D

    It records only current weather conditions.

10
Choose all
1 point

During a volcanic eruption and its aftermath, select all the statements that describe interactions among Earth’s spheres.

  1. A

    The geosphere supplies lava and ash.

  2. B

    The biosphere produces the magma that erupts.

  3. C

    Ash and gases can enter the atmosphere.

  4. D

    Ash can later weather into soil that interacts with water and organisms.

11
Fill in the blank
1 point

Using relative dating, a fault that cuts a rock layer is than that layer.

12
Choose one
1 point

What is the name for Earth’s water in frozen form?

  1. A

    Biosphere

  2. B

    Cryosphere

  3. C

    Geosphere

  4. D

    Atmosphere

13
Open ended
1 point

Explain one possible path through the rock cycle, naming the processes that change the material at each step. Why does this cycle have no single starting point?

14
True or false
1 point

True or false: Earth’s mantle is entirely liquid.

  1. A

    True

  2. B

    False

15
Choose one
1 point

A rock consists of grains of sand that were deposited, buried, and cemented together. Which process most likely formed it?

  1. A

    Lava cools and solidifies at the surface.

  2. B

    Deposited sand is buried and cemented.

  3. C

    Existing rock is changed by heat and pressure without melting.

  4. D

    Magma cools slowly underground.

16
Written response
1 point

What geological process changes existing rock through heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids without completely melting it?

17
Choose one
1 point

Seismic observations show that shear waves are not transmitted through Earth’s outer core. Which conclusion is best supported by this evidence?

  1. A

    Shear waves speed up as they pass through the outer core.

  2. B

    Shear waves are transmitted through the outer core but change direction.

  3. C

    The outer core is liquid.

  4. D

    Earthquake waves provide information only about the crust.

18
Written response
1 point

What method uses instruments on aircraft or satellites to observe broad areas and changes over time, such as ground movement or surface temperature?

19
Choose one
1 point

Which statement best explains how Earth’s internal heat contributes to geological change?

  1. A

    Solar energy drives the slow movement of mantle material and plate tectonics.

  2. B

    Internal heat helps drive mantle movement and plate tectonics.

  3. C

    Gravity is the main source of Earth’s internal heat.

  4. D

    Solar energy directly powers melting deep within the mantle.

20
Choose one
1 point

Which explanation best describes how rainfall and flowing water connect Earth’s spheres?

  1. A

    Rainfall affects only the atmosphere because water remains in the air.

  2. B

    Rainfall links the geosphere and biosphere, but not the hydrosphere.

  3. C

    Rainfall connects the hydrosphere and biosphere, but flowing water cannot alter the geosphere.

  4. D

    Rainfall links the atmosphere and hydrosphere; flowing water can erode the geosphere and carry nutrients that support life.