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Free Practice Quiz Question List

07 Volcanoes and Volcanism Online Quiz Questions

Use this free practice quiz with 20 questions to review 07 Volcanoes and Volcanism, test your knowledge, and prepare for your next test or exam.

20 questions
01
True or false
1 point

True or false: Volcanic ash is soft residue formed by combustion.

  1. A

    True

  2. B

    False

02
Written response
1 point

Molten rock rises through a crack and reaches Earth's surface. What is it called once it is at the surface?

03
Fill in the blank
1 point

When the ground above a partly emptied magma reservoir collapses, it can form a large depression called a .

04
True or false
1 point

True or false: A volcanic landslide can occur during a quiet period, without an eruption.

  1. A

    True

  2. B

    False

05
Choose one
1 point

A volcano is small and steep-sided, with a summit crater and layers of fragments that fell around its vent. Which landform best fits this description?

  1. A

    A broad, gently sloping structure built mainly by repeated fluid-lava flows

  2. B

    A usually small, steep-sided cone built as ejected fragments accumulate near a vent

  3. C

    A large depression formed by collapse above a partly emptied magma reservoir

  4. D

    A mound formed when viscous lava piles up near its vent

06
Written response
1 point

What is the general term for fragments of volcanic material ejected during an explosive eruption?

07
Fill in the blank
1 point

An eruption issues from a long crack rather than a single central vent. It is a eruption.

08
Choose one
1 point

At a mid-ocean ridge, hot mantle rises and pressure decreases without additional heat being supplied. Which process can cause some of the mantle rock to melt?

  1. A

    Decompression melting

  2. B

    Flux melting

  3. C

    Heat-transfer melting

  4. D

    Crystallization

09
Choose one
1 point

Why can higher-silica, more viscous magma encourage explosive fragmentation as it rises?

  1. A

    It always contains more gas than basaltic magma.

  2. B

    Its gas escapes more easily, so pressure necessarily falls faster.

  3. C

    Its resistance to flow can trap gas as pressure falls during ascent.

  4. D

    Its crystals prevent any fragmentation during an eruption.

10
Choose all
1 point

Select all the conditions that can supply water to form a lahar when it mixes with loose volcanic material.

  1. A

    Rain mixing with loose volcanic material

  2. B

    Melting snow or ice mixing with loose volcanic material

  3. C

    A drop in air temperature without water entering the material

  4. D

    Crater-lake water mixing with loose volcanic material

11
Choose all
1 point

Select all the effects that ashfall can have.

  1. A

    It can impair breathing.

  2. B

    It can reduce visibility.

  3. C

    It can damage machinery and aircraft engines.

  4. D

    It reliably prevents roof damage by making deposits lighter.

  5. E

    It can harm crops.

12
Choose one
1 point

A community near a volcano is updating its emergency plan. Which approach best reflects how volcanic hazards vary?

  1. A

    Plan for the same hazard profile as every other volcano.

  2. B

    Use hazard maps, monitoring, and timely warnings to prepare for locally relevant hazards.

  3. C

    Rely only on the volcano's current appearance to predict all future hazards.

  4. D

    Assume hazards occur only during eruptions.

13
True or false
1 point

True or false: A volcano's landform guarantees that all of its future eruptions will have the same style.

  1. A

    True

  2. B

    False

14
Open ended
1 point

Explain why a volcano's landform cannot guarantee that its future eruptions will all have the same style. Include at least two conditions that can influence eruption behavior.

15
Choose one
1 point

Water and other volatiles released from a descending tectonic plate lower the melting temperature of nearby mantle. Which melting process does this describe?

  1. A

    Heat-transfer melting

  2. B

    Decompression melting

  3. C

    Flux melting

  4. D

    Crystallization

16
Choose one
1 point

Hot magma moves into cooler crust. The surrounding crustal rock warms and partially melts. Which process best explains this melting?

  1. A

    Decompression melting as pressure increases

  2. B

    Flux melting as water is removed from the mantle

  3. C

    Heat-transfer melting as nearby crust warms

  4. D

    Cooling and crystallization of the magma

17
Choose one
1 point

Two magmas rise toward the surface under otherwise similar conditions. One is more viscous because it has higher silica content. Why is gas more likely to become trapped in that magma?

  1. A

    Gas may become trapped as pressure falls, encouraging explosive fragmentation.

  2. B

    Gas escapes more easily, so the magma must erupt effusively.

  3. C

    The magma becomes less viscous as its silica content rises.

  4. D

    The magma cannot contain volcanic gases.

18
Written response
1 point

Water mixes with loose volcanic material on a volcano and carries it down a valley as a mudflow. What is this hazard called?

19
Choose one
1 point

A community expects heavy ashfall, and rain may make the deposits wet. Which risk should residents and officials particularly consider for buildings?

  1. A

    It makes the ash harmless to buildings once it settles.

  2. B

    Heavy deposits, especially when wet, can overload roofs.

  3. C

    It causes ash particles to turn into lava.

  4. D

    It prevents ash from affecting water supplies.

20
Written response
1 point

What term describes a fluid's resistance to flow?