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2 Sodium Imbalances Online Quiz Questions

Use this free practice quiz with 20 questions to review 2 Sodium Imbalances, test your knowledge, and prepare for your next test or exam.

20 questions
01
True or false
1 point

A blood sodium result reflects the balance between sodium and water, not simply how much salt a person has eaten.

  1. A

    True

  2. B

    False

02
Fill in the blank
1 point

In hypernatremia, water moves out of brain cells, causing them to .

03
Written response
1 point

What serum sodium threshold, in mmol/L, defines hyponatremia?

04
Fill in the blank
1 point

In hypervolemic hyponatremia, both total body sodium and water increase, but .

05
Choose one
1 point

A patient with heart failure has a low serum sodium. Which finding best suggests a hypervolemic pattern, and what fluid plan might the care team consider?

  1. A

    Dry mucous membranes and low blood pressure; consider isotonic IV fluid independently.

  2. B

    Ankle edema and crackles; the team may consider fluid restriction and treatment of heart failure.

  3. C

    Reduced urine output without other findings; increase sodium intake without further assessment.

  4. D

    Thirst and fever; administer hypertonic saline without an order.

06
Choose all
1 point

Which conditions can cause hypovolemic hyponatremia? Select all that apply.

  1. A

    Vomiting

  2. B

    SIADH

  3. C

    Diarrhea

  4. D

    Excessive water intake

  5. E

    Burns

  6. F

    Diuretic use

07
Written response
1 point

Which abbreviation names a common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion?

08
True or false
1 point

Chronic hypernatremia, or hypernatremia of unknown duration, is generally corrected gradually to reduce the risk of cerebral edema.

  1. A

    True

  2. B

    False

09
Choose one
1 point

A patient with hyponatremia develops a seizure. What is the most appropriate nursing priority?

  1. A

    Reassess at the next routine check because seizures can be expected.

  2. B

    Offer oral water and wait to see whether the patient becomes more alert.

  3. C

    Escalate urgently and assess airway, breathing, circulation, and neurologic status.

  4. D

    Independently select and start hypertonic saline.

10
Choose all
1 point

A patient with hypernatremia is receiving care. Which actions are consistent with the recommended nursing approach? Select all that apply.

  1. A

    Offer water as permitted if the patient is alert, can swallow safely, and has no fluid restriction.

  2. B

    Encourage unrestricted water for every patient with hypernatremia.

  3. C

    Assist a patient who cannot obtain fluids independently.

  4. D

    Choose an IV fluid and rate without an individualized order.

  5. E

    Monitor sodium and neurologic status as prescribed during replacement.

11
Choose one
1 point

A patient with hypernatremia is in shock and severely volume depleted. Which treatment sequence is generally expected?

  1. A

    Correct the water deficit rapidly before addressing circulation.

  2. B

    Restore circulation first, then correct the water deficit according to individualized orders.

  3. C

    Withhold all fluid until the sodium returns to normal.

  4. D

    Give oral water regardless of the patient's ability to swallow.

12
Choose one
1 point

A patient becomes confused after a rapid fall in serum sodium, although the result is not as low as values sometimes seen in chronic hyponatremia. Which interpretation is most accurate?

  1. A

    The sodium result alone determines symptom severity, regardless of how quickly it fell.

  2. B

    Severe symptoms occur only when sodium is below a single threshold.

  3. C

    A rapid change is reassuring if the patient had no symptoms earlier.

  4. D

    A rapid fall can cause severe symptoms even when the sodium value is not as low as in a gradual, chronic imbalance.

13
Open ended
1 point

A patient with low serum sodium has had repeated vomiting and diarrhea and is now confused. Explain the immediate nursing priorities, what information should be assessed, and why the prescribed fluid plan and sodium correction require close monitoring.

14
Written response
1 point

A patient has hyponatremia after prolonged vomiting and diarrhea. The assessment suggests sodium loss has been greater than water loss and the patient is volume depleted. What hyponatremia volume-status category fits this pattern?

15
True or false
1 point

In hypernatremia, water moves out of brain cells, causing them to shrink.

  1. A

    True

  2. B

    False

16
Written response
1 point

A patient with chronic hyponatremia is at risk of neurologic injury if the sodium level is corrected too rapidly. What complication is associated with overly rapid correction?

17
Choose one
1 point

A patient with SIADH develops hyponatremia. Which fluid-volume pattern is most consistent with this cause?

  1. A

    Hypovolemic hyponatremia

  2. B

    Euvolemic hyponatremia

  3. C

    Hypervolemic hyponatremia

  4. D

    Hypernatremia

18
Choose one
1 point

A patient has hypernatremia and unusually large urine volumes. Which condition from the patient's history could explain excessive water loss through the urine?

  1. A

    Reduced thirst alone

  2. B

    Cirrhosis

  3. C

    Diabetes insipidus

  4. D

    Hypothyroidism

19
Choose one
1 point

An older adult with hypernatremia is alert, can swallow safely, has no fluid restriction, and cannot reach the water supply independently. What is the most appropriate nursing action?

  1. A

    Offer water as permitted and assist the patient to access it.

  2. B

    Withhold all oral fluids until the sodium level normalizes.

  3. C

    Independently start a rapid IV water replacement.

  4. D

    Restrict water because confusion is present.

20
Choose one
1 point

A patient with hyponatremia after gastrointestinal losses is volume depleted. Which fluid approach might the care team prescribe for this cause?

  1. A

    Begin hypertonic saline without an order.

  2. B

    Administer prescribed isotonic IV fluid if ordered for volume depletion.

  3. C

    Restrict all fluids regardless of the cause.

  4. D

    Give a diuretic to increase sodium loss.