2 Environmental Safety and Assistive Devices
Learn how to reduce fall hazards at home and select, fit, and use canes and walkers safely.
Reduce hazards at home
can occur along walking routes and in rooms used for everyday activities. Reduce risks by keeping paths clear, making them visible, and addressing slippery surfaces.
Common home hazards include:
Loose rugs or raised rug edges; remove a loose rug when possible, or secure it with .
Electrical cords that cross walking paths.
Dark routes, such as the path between a bedroom and bathroom; improve lighting or use a night-light.
Wet, slippery floors, including bathroom floors.
Clutter on stairs.
Keep frequently used items within easy reach so that reaching or climbing is less necessary. In bathrooms, appropriate support such as grab bars and nonslip surfaces can also help reduce hazards. Keep routes clear of objects and cords.
Select, fit, and use a
Choose an according to the person’s support needs. A may suit someone needing modest support, while a or another device may be more appropriate when greater weakness or balance difficulty calls for more support. A clinician or therapist should help select and fit the aid; a physical or occupational therapist can assess the appropriate device and teach safe technique.
For a , the handle should be approximately level with the wrist when the person stands upright. The elbow should bend slightly while holding it. Hold the on the side opposite the weaker or affected leg, and make sure its tip is on the ground before placing weight on it.
When walking with a , move the and weaker leg forward together, then step through with the stronger leg. This sequence allows the to support the weaker side. Check the tip regularly and replace it if worn.
Fit and use a
A may be appropriate when greater support is needed. Its handles are generally at hip level, with the elbows slightly bent. If the causes the person to stoop because it is too low, arrange for a clinician or therapist to check and adjust its fit rather than encouraging the person to continue with unsafe posture.
To walk, move the forward and make sure all four tips or wheels are in contact with the ground before stepping forward with the weaker leg. Keep the toes inside the and avoid stepping too close to its front. Wait until steady before beginning to walk.
Check the ’s tips or wheels for wear. Do not use a on stairs or escalators unless a physical therapist has provided training for doing so.
Stand and move safely with a
When rising from a chair, place the in front with its open side facing the person. Push up using the chair’s armrests or another stable support rather than pulling on the , which can tilt or move. Once standing, grasp the and wait until steady before walking.
To keep hands available for safe use of the , carry items in a small bag or basket attached to it.