02 Functional Groups and Nomenclature Free Online FlashCards

What is a functional group?

A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that gives a molecule characteristic patterns of chemical behavior.

What structural pattern identifies an alkene?

An alkene contains a carbon–carbon double bond, C=C.

How do you choose the parent chain for an introductory systematic name?

Choose a suitable longest carbon chain that includes the principal functional group and, when possible, the multiple bonds.

How are principal and non-principal functional groups usually named?

The principal characteristic group is named with a suffix when the naming system allows; other functional groups are generally cited as prefixes.

Which suffixes indicate carbon–carbon double and triple bonds?

Use -ene for a C=C bond and -yne for a C≡C bond; add a locant when needed.

What is the systematic name of CH₃CH₂OH?

CH₃CH₂OH is ethanol: ethan- indicates the two-carbon parent, and -ol indicates the alcohol group.

What is the systematic name of CH₃COCH₂CH₃?

CH₃COCH₂CH₃ is butan-2-one: it has a four-carbon parent, and the ketone carbonyl begins at carbon 2.

What is the common name for ethanoic acid?

Ethanoic acid is the systematic name; acetic acid is its common name.

What defines constitutional isomers?

Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in how their atoms are connected.

What makes two compounds functional-group isomers?

Functional-group isomers have the same molecular formula but belong to different functional-group families. Ethanol and methoxymethane both have formula C₂H₆O.

What distinguishes an aldehyde’s carbonyl group?

An aldehyde has a carbonyl group, C=O, bonded to a hydrogen.

What distinguishes a ketone’s carbonyl group?

A ketone has a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon groups.