03 Acids, Bases, and Curved-Arrow Notation Free Online FlashCards

What does a Brønsted acid do?

A Brønsted acid donates a proton, $\mathrm{H^+}$.

What defines a Lewis base?

A Lewis base donates an electron pair.

Where do the tail and head of a curved arrow go?

A curved arrow starts at the electrons, usually a lone pair or bond, and points to where they move.

How is $\mathrm{p}K_a$ defined from $K_a$?

For an acid $\mathrm{HA}$, $\mathrm{p}K_a=-\log_{10}K_a$.

How can pKa values estimate the equilibrium constant for proton transfer?

For $\mathrm{HA+B^-\rightleftharpoons A^-+HB}$, $K\approx10^{\mathrm{p}K_a(\mathrm{HB})-\mathrm{p}K_a(\mathrm{HA})}$.

What forms when an acid loses a proton?

When an acid loses $\mathrm{H^+}$, the species formed is its conjugate base.

What forms when a base gains a proton?

When a base gains $\mathrm{H^+}$, the species formed is its conjugate acid.

What defines a Lewis acid?

A Lewis acid accepts an electron pair.

In the acetic acid reaction, where does hydroxide’s first arrow point?

Draw an arrow from a hydroxide oxygen lone pair to the acidic hydrogen.

Where does the acetic acid O–H bond’s arrow end?

Draw an arrow from the acetic acid O–H bond to its oxygen, forming acetate.

How do full-headed and fishhook arrows differ?

A full-headed curved arrow represents two electrons; a fishhook arrow represents one electron and is used for radical processes.

How does $\mathrm{p}K_a$ relate to acid strength?

A lower $\mathrm{p}K_a$ indicates a stronger acid; a higher $\mathrm{p}K_a$ indicates a weaker acid.