1 Concepts and Frameworks Free Online FlashCards

What is globalization?

Globalization is the growing breadth, intensity, speed, and impact of connections among places and societies.

What are global flows?

Global flows are movements between places, including goods and services, money and investment, people, information and ideas, and resources and waste.

How do tangible and intangible flows differ?

Tangible flows involve physical things, such as a coffee shipment; intangible flows include nonphysical exchanges, such as a bank transaction or online message.

What does connectivity describe?

Connectivity is the capacity and degree to which places, people, and organizations are linked, and how easily they can exchange or move things.

Give an example of uneven connectivity.

Connectivity is uneven: a place may have strong links to international markets but weak links to nearby communities, or internet access that is slow, costly, or unreliable.

What is uneven development?

Uneven development means differences in wealth, power, opportunity, infrastructure, and well-being between and within places.

What are nodes and links in a network?

A network consists of nodes, where flows start, end, or are organized, and links, which are the routes or relationships between them.

What makes a network node a hub?

A hub is a node through which many flows pass, such as a major port, financial center, or internet exchange.

Why can a globally connected factory still produce uneven benefits?

Connections can support development but do not ensure inclusive benefits. Outcomes depend on factors such as work performed, workers’ bargaining power, local ownership, public policy, and movement into higher-value activities.

What does tracing a value chain reveal?

Trace a product or service from raw materials and design through production, transport, sale, and disposal; examine where wages, profits, knowledge, and environmental costs accrue.

What can a map of flows fail to show?

A map can show origins, destinations, routes, nodes, hubs, and places that are bypassed, but it cannot by itself show who controls a connection or how valuable it is.

Which measures can help assess connectivity?

Measure connectivity using factors such as travel time, transport capacity, internet access, affordability, reliability, and service frequency; distinguish physical access from the ability to use it.