2 Historical Geographies of Globalization Free Online FlashCards

What is globalization?

Globalization is the growth of connections across places through the movement of goods, people, capital, information, technologies, and ideas.

Which regions did the Silk Roads link?

The Silk Roads linked East Asia, Central Asia, western Asia, and the Mediterranean through shifting land routes.

What changed in global connections after the late fifteenth century?

From the late fifteenth century, European voyages across the Atlantic and around Africa helped create more continuous intercontinental connections.

How were colonial economies unequal?

Colonial economies often supplied minerals and plantation crops to imperial markets, while imperial centers concentrated power. The forced transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas was central to this violent system.

How did industrial-era technologies change long-distance connections?

Railways and steamships moved people and bulk goods faster; canals shortened sea journeys, and telegraphs sped up information transmission.

How did the First World War affect international exchange?

The First World War disrupted integration; conflict, protectionism, and financial instability sharply constrained international exchange in the following decades.

How did governments support postwar economic integration?

After the Second World War, governments built institutions and agreements to support international economic cooperation, alongside expanding trade and improving telecommunications.

What is a global value chain?

A global value chain divides a product’s stages of making and selling across places—for example, design in one country, assembly in another, and sales worldwide.

What are possible benefits and costs of global networks?

Global networks can create jobs and spread technologies, but they can also expose workers and local economies to distant decisions, volatile markets, and environmental costs.

What do core, semiperipheral, and peripheral positions describe?

World-systems analysis describes core regions as concentrating powerful institutions and profitable activities, peripheral regions as more often subordinated, and semiperipheral places as combining features of both.

What shaped trade routes across the Indian Ocean?

Seasonal monsoon winds shaped Indian Ocean sea lanes connecting eastern Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

How did American silver connect distant markets?

American silver connected mines in the Americas with markets in Europe and Asia through transoceanic trade.