1 Networking Foundations and IP Addressing Free Online FlashCards

How do a LAN and a WAN differ?

A LAN connects devices within a limited area; a WAN connects networks across larger distances.

What is the difference between a switch and a router?

A switch connects devices within a LAN; a router forwards packets between IP networks.

What does a switch do with a frame whose destination MAC address is unknown?

It floods the frame within the same VLAN, except through the port on which the frame arrived.

How do MAC and IP addresses differ as a packet travels across routed hops?

MAC addresses are generally used hop by hop, while IP source and destination addresses usually remain end to end unless a feature such as NAT changes them.

What is a key reliability difference between TCP and UDP?

TCP provides sequencing, acknowledgments, retransmission, and flow and congestion control. UDP has less overhead but does not itself guarantee delivery or ordering.

How many bits are in an IPv4 address, and what mask corresponds to /24?

An IPv4 address is 32 bits, conventionally written as four decimal octets. A /24 prefix is equivalent to the mask 255.255.255.0.

How are conventional IPv4 network and broadcast addresses identified?

The network address has all host bits set to zero; the broadcast address has all host bits set to one.

Which three IPv4 blocks are reserved for private use?

The private IPv4 blocks are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16.

For 192.168.10.77/26, what are the subnet and conventional usable host range?

A /26 mask is 255.255.255.192, giving a block size of $256-192=64$ in the last octet. The subnet containing 192.168.10.77 is 192.168.10.64/26, with broadcast 192.168.10.127 and usable range .65–.126.

What does VLSM allow a network designer to do?

VLSM uses different prefix lengths within an address block so subnets can be sized appropriately; subnet ranges must not overlap.

What are the IPv6 address-compression rules?

IPv6 has 128-bit addresses. Leading zeroes in a group may be omitted, and one consecutive run of zero groups may be replaced by :: once per address.

How does IPv6 provide group delivery without broadcast?

IPv6 has no broadcast address. Multicast delivers traffic to a group of interfaces.