1 Networking Fundamentals and Protocols Free Online FlashCards

What do networking protocols define?

Protocols are agreed rules that define how data is formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received.

What is a router’s main forwarding role?

A router forwards packets between IP networks using routing tables.

What is network encapsulation?

Encapsulation is the process in which each network layer adds its own control information to data as it is sent.

What delivery does TCP provide?

TCP provides ordered, reliable byte-stream delivery using connection setup, sequence numbers, acknowledgments, retransmission, and flow control.

What does ARP resolve on a local link?

ARP resolves an IPv4 address to a MAC address on a local link.

What does a transport-layer port identify?

A transport-layer port identifies an application service or process. An IP address together with a port identifies an endpoint.

How do MAC and IP addresses differ in purpose?

MAC addresses deliver frames across a local link; IP addresses identify interfaces and guide packets between networks.

Where does a host send traffic for a different subnet?

A host sends traffic for a different subnet to its default gateway, usually the local router.

Which IPv4 ranges are commonly used for private networks?

Common private IPv4 ranges are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16.

Name two key characteristics of IPv6 addressing.

IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses written in hexadecimal groups separated by colons. It has no broadcast addressing and uses multicast and Neighbor Discovery for related local-link functions.

What settings can DHCP provide to a host?

DHCP dynamically supplies network settings such as an IP address, prefix or subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server.

How many conventional usable host addresses are in an IPv4 /27 subnet?

A conventional IPv4 subnet with prefix /27 has 5 host bits, so it has $2^5 - 2 = 30$ usable host addresses.