01
Front
What is weathering?
Back
Weathering is the breakdown or alteration of rock in place at or near Earth’s surface.
Free Online Flashcard Deck
1 Weathering and the Breakdown of Rock Free Online FlashCards
Study 1 Weathering and the Breakdown of Rock with 12 free online flashcards. Review key terms, definitions, and concepts with this interactive flashcard deck.
12 cards
02
Front
What happens during physical weathering?
Back
Physical weathering breaks rock into smaller pieces without changing the minerals’ chemical composition.
03
Front
How can dissolution weather limestone?
Back
Dissolution occurs when minerals dissolve in water. Slightly acidic water can dissolve calcite in limestone, enlarging cracks and forming cavities.
04
Front
How do organisms contribute to biological weathering?
Back
Roots can widen fractures, while lichens, roots, fungi, and microorganisms can release compounds that react with minerals.
05
Front
What five factors help explain differences in weathering?
Back
Climate, organisms, topography, parent material, and time interact to influence weathering and soil formation.
06
Front
What is regolith?
Back
Regolith is the loose or weathered layer above solid bedrock, including rock fragments, sediment, and soil.
07
Front
How does weathering differ from erosion?
Back
Weathering breaks down or alters rock in place; erosion transports weathered rock and sediment.
08
Front
How does frost wedging break rock?
Back
Water enters cracks, freezes and expands, widening them. Repeated freeze–thaw cycles can split the rock.
09
Front
How can pressure release cause exfoliation?
Back
When overlying rock is removed, reduced pressure lets outer layers expand and peel away in sheets; this is exfoliation.
10
Front
How does salt-crystal growth loosen rock?
Back
As salty water evaporates from pores or cracks, growing salt crystals exert pressure and loosen rock grains.
11
Front
What is hydrolysis in weathering?
Back
Hydrolysis is a reaction between water and minerals; it can alter feldspar in granite into clay minerals.
12
Front
What causes rust-like discoloration in some rocks?
Back
Oxidation occurs when oxygen reacts with minerals containing iron, producing iron oxides that can cause rust-like discoloration.
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