2 Linguistic Diversity and Variation Free Online FlashCards

What is a linguistic variable?

A linguistic variable is a feature with two or more alternatives that serve a similar function in a given context.

How does a dialect differ from an accent?

An accent refers specifically to pronunciation; a dialect also includes vocabulary and grammatical patterns.

Why are regional language boundaries often gradual?

Regional language boundaries are often gradual: neighboring communities may share features, and language contact can spread or change them.

How can social factors relate to language use?

Factors such as age, ethnicity, occupation, education, and local group membership may be associated with linguistic patterns, but they do not determine how every individual speaks.

What social meanings can a community variety express?

Community varieties can express belonging, solidarity, distinction, or connection to a place and history.

What gives a language variety standard status?

A standard variety has gained institutional recognition in settings such as schooling, publishing, or government; this status reflects social and historical power.

Is a standard variety linguistically superior to other varieties?

No. All language varieties are structured and capable of expressing complex ideas; standard status does not make a variety linguistically superior.

What is register?

Register refers to language choices associated with a communicative setting or activity, such as the technical vocabulary used in medicine.

What is style in language use?

Style refers to language choices that shape communication’s tone or social effect, ranging from casual to formal.

What shapes a speaker’s language choices in a situation?

Speakers adapt language to audience, purpose, topic, and relationship; they do not necessarily use one fixed style in every setting.

How might someone restate a technical idea for a friend?

A speaker may use specialist terms with colleagues, then explain the same idea in everyday language to a friend.

What is linguistic accommodation?

Accommodation is adjusting speech toward or away from another person’s way of speaking; it may support rapport, show respect, or emphasize difference.