2 Organelles and Cellular Organization Free Online FlashCards

What is the nucleus’s primary role?

It houses most of the cell’s DNA.

What do nuclear envelope pores regulate?

The nuclear envelope’s pores regulate exchange between the nucleus and cytosol.

What does the nucleolus produce?

The nucleolus makes components of ribosomes.

What do ribosomes do?

Ribosomes build proteins by translating messenger RNA.

What distinguishes rough ER and what is one of its roles?

Rough ER has ribosomes attached and makes and begins processing many proteins.

Name two functions of smooth ER.

Smooth ER contributes to lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.

What does the Golgi apparatus do to materials from the ER?

The Golgi apparatus further modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids received from the ER.

How do the Golgi’s cis and trans sides differ?

The cis side receives much of the material from the ER; the trans side sorts it toward its destinations.

What is the main digestive role of lysosomes?

Lysosomes use digestive enzymes to break down cellular waste, large molecules, and material taken up by the cell.

What does the large central vacuole do in plant cells?

A large central vacuole stores water and dissolved substances and helps maintain internal pressure.

What energy-related process occurs in mitochondria?

Mitochondria convert energy from food molecules into ATP through cellular respiration.

What do chloroplasts do in plants and algae?

Chloroplasts capture light energy to make sugars by photosynthesis.