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What is venipuncture?

Venipuncture is the collection of blood from a vein.

Which vein is often preferred for venipuncture?

The median cubital vein in the antecubital area is often preferred; the cephalic vein may also be suitable.

How should a tourniquet be applied?

Apply it above the site, tight enough to slow venous return without stopping arterial flow. Keep it on for as little time as possible.

How should the needle enter the vein?

Anchor the vein, keep the bevel facing up, and insert the needle smoothly at a shallow angle, typically about $15\text{–}30^\circ$, adjusted to the vein’s depth.

What is a common order of draw?

A common sequence is blood cultures, citrate, serum, heparin, EDTA, then fluoride/oxalate. Confirm local requirements and any special tubes.

How should additive-containing tubes be mixed?

Gently invert additive-containing tubes as directed by the manufacturer or laboratory procedure; do not shake them.

When should the tourniquet be released?

Release the tourniquet once blood flow is established and before withdrawing the needle.

How should a used venipuncture needle be disposed of?

Activate the needle’s safety feature and discard the needle and holder immediately in an approved sharps container. Never recap a used needle.

What should be done at the puncture site after needle withdrawal?

Apply firm, continuous pressure with the arm extended until bleeding stops. Check that bleeding has stopped before applying a bandage.

When and how should collection tubes be labeled?

Label tubes at the patient’s side according to policy, then verify labels against the patient and orders.

What must be confirmed before venipuncture?

Confirm the patient and requested tests using the required identifiers before collection.

What qualities should a suitable vein have?

Palpate for a resilient, well-anchored vein rather than relying on sight alone.