3 Early Childhood Development Free Online FlashCards

What ages does early childhood generally cover?

Early childhood generally spans about ages 2 through 6.

What are gross-motor skills?

Gross-motor skills use large muscle groups for actions such as running, climbing, jumping, and catching.

What characterizes Piaget’s preoperational stage?

Piaget’s preoperational stage, approximately ages 2–7, involves growing use of words, images, and pretend representations.

What is the zone of proximal development?

The zone of proximal development is what a child can do with appropriate help beyond what they can do independently.

How can responsive exchanges support language growth?

Responsive exchanges support communication and learning when an adult responds to a child’s focus, names or describes it, and allows time for a reply.

What happens during pretend play?

In pretend play, children represent real or imagined situations, using imagination and symbolic thinking.

What does self-regulation involve?

Self-regulation includes directing attention, waiting, following simple rules, and adjusting behavior; it develops gradually.

Which Erikson challenge is associated with toddlerhood?

Autonomy versus shame and doubt is Erikson’s psychosocial challenge in toddlerhood, as children seek growing independence.

What does Bronfenbrenner’s ecological perspective emphasize?

Bronfenbrenner’s ecological perspective views development as occurring within interconnected settings, including family, early-learning environments, community, and society.

What are fine-motor skills?

Fine-motor skills use small muscle groups for tasks such as drawing, using utensils, and manipulating small objects.

What is scaffolding in learning?

Scaffolding is temporary, adjustable support that helps a child learn a task, then gradually take it over independently.

What is constructive play?

Constructive play involves making or building something.