3 Micronutrients and Water Free Online FlashCards

What are micronutrients?

Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts. They do not provide energy but support normal growth, maintenance, and metabolism.

Which vitamins are fat-soluble, and what does that imply?

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble: they are absorbed with dietary fat and can be stored in the body.

What are three roles of vitamin C?

Vitamin C contributes to collagen formation, antioxidant defense, and iron absorption.

How do major minerals differ from trace minerals?

Major minerals are needed in relatively larger amounts; trace minerals are needed in smaller amounts.

What is a key role of iron?

Iron carries oxygen in hemoglobin and is also used in energy-related enzymes.

What does the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) represent?

The RDA is the average daily intake intended to meet the needs of nearly all healthy people in a particular age and sex group.

Name key functions of water in the body.

Water supports chemical reactions, temperature regulation, blood volume, and waste removal.

What is the total-water AI for adults ages 19–50?

For adults ages 19–50, the Adequate Intake for total water is $3.7\ \mathrm{L/day}$ for men and $2.7\ \mathrm{L/day}$ for women. These values include water from food and all beverages.

What do electrolytes regulate, and where are sodium and potassium concentrated?

Electrolytes are charged minerals in body fluids. They help regulate fluid distribution, nerve signaling, muscle contraction, and acid–base balance; sodium is abundant outside cells, while potassium is the main positively charged ion inside cells.

What processes do B vitamins help support?

B vitamins help enzymes release or use energy from food and support red blood cell formation and nerve function.

What does iodine help the body make?

Iodine is needed to make thyroid hormones. Too little or too much iodine can disrupt thyroid function.

When is an Adequate Intake (AI) used?

An Adequate Intake (AI) is used when evidence is insufficient to set an RDA.