6 Energy Balance Free Online FlashCards

What equation describes changes in body energy stores?

Change in body energy stores = $\text{energy intake} - \text{energy expenditure}$.

What does energy balance mean?

Energy balance is the long-term relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure. When they are similar over time, body energy stores tend to remain relatively stable.

What tends to happen during a sustained energy surplus?

A sustained surplus tends to increase stored energy, mostly as body fat, and body weight tends to rise.

What tends to happen during a sustained energy deficit?

A sustained deficit leads the body to draw on stored energy, so body weight tends to fall.

What are the main components of total daily energy expenditure?

Total daily energy expenditure includes resting energy expenditure, the thermic effect of food, physical activity expenditure, and adaptive thermogenesis.

What is resting energy expenditure?

Resting energy expenditure is the energy used for essential functions such as breathing, circulation, and maintaining tissues. It is generally the largest component of daily expenditure.

What does the thermic effect of food measure?

It is the energy used to digest, absorb, and process food.

What does NEAT include?

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is energy used for everyday movement, such as walking around the home, standing, and doing chores.

What is adaptive thermogenesis?

Adaptive thermogenesis is a change in energy use in response to conditions such as altered food intake, body weight, or temperature.

Why does a smaller body usually use less energy?

As body weight decreases, resting energy needs and the energy cost of movement usually decrease too.

Why doesn't a given energy gap produce a fixed rate of weight change?

Body weight does not change at a fixed, predictable rate because intake, expenditure, and body composition can all change as weight changes.

What can cause short-term scale changes besides body-fat change?

Short-term scale changes can reflect water, glycogen, food in the digestive tract, and other factors—not just body-fat changes.