8 Integrated Physiological Regulation Free Online FlashCards

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the regulation of the body’s internal environment within ranges compatible with normal function.

How does negative feedback counter a disturbance?

A receptor detects a change, a control center interprets it and signals effectors, and the effectors act to reduce the original change.

How does positive feedback differ from negative feedback?

Positive feedback amplifies a change rather than reversing it. It supports specific events such as labor, but is not the usual pattern for maintaining regulated conditions.

How do neural and hormonal coordination differ?

Neural signals can produce rapid, targeted responses; hormones travel in blood and often have slower or longer-lasting effects. The two systems also interact.

What is the cardiovascular system’s homeostatic role?

The cardiovascular system transports gases, nutrients, hormones, heat, and wastes, and adjusts blood flow among organs according to their needs.

How does ventilation help regulate blood pH?

The respiratory system supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. Changing ventilation alters blood carbon dioxide and can contribute to pH regulation.

What key conditions do the kidneys regulate?

The kidneys regulate water, electrolytes, blood volume, and acid–base balance, and remove wastes in urine. ADH and aldosterone influence water and sodium conservation.

What happens to nutrients and water during digestion?

The digestive system breaks food down and absorbs nutrients and water. Absorbed nutrients enter the blood or lymph.

How does the body support working muscles during exercise?

Working muscles use more oxygen and nutrients and produce more carbon dioxide and heat. Heart rate and breathing increase, and blood flow is redirected toward active muscles.

How does the body respond to increased blood solute concentration during dehydration?

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors promote thirst and ADH release. ADH increases water reabsorption by the kidneys, helping conserve water.

How does the body respond to reduced blood pressure during dehydration?

The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone pathway promotes sodium retention, while neural reflexes adjust heart activity and blood-vessel tone to support circulation.

How does insulin respond to a rise in blood glucose after a meal?

When blood glucose rises after a carbohydrate-containing meal, pancreatic beta cells release insulin. Insulin promotes glucose uptake and nutrient storage or use.