8 Integrated Regulation of Body Systems Free Online FlashCards

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the regulation of internal conditions within ranges compatible with normal cell function.

How does a typical negative-feedback loop restore a regulated condition?

Receptors detect a change, a control center processes the information, and effectors oppose the change. The response diminishes as conditions return toward the regulated range.

How do nervous and hormonal regulation differ in timing?

The nervous system can produce rapid adjustments, while hormones often coordinate effects that develop more gradually or last longer.

What materials does the cardiovascular system transport between tissues?

The cardiovascular system transports gases, nutrients, hormones, heat, and wastes between organs and tissues.

How do circulation and breathing respond to exercising muscles?

Sympathetic activity raises heart activity and redirects blood flow. Faster circulation and ventilation deliver more oxygen and help remove carbon dioxide.

How can acute psychological stress affect digestion?

Acute psychological stress can raise heart rate and breathing while temporarily reducing processes not immediately needed for action, such as digestion.

What detects increased blood concentration during dehydration?

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors detect increased blood concentration and help trigger thirst and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

What does insulin do after blood glucose rises following a meal?

Rising blood glucose after a meal stimulates pancreatic beta cells to release insulin, which promotes glucose uptake and storage in responsive tissues.

How does the hypothalamus connect nervous and endocrine regulation?

The hypothalamus links nervous and endocrine regulation and helps control autonomic activity.

How does the respiratory system help regulate blood pH?

The respiratory system helps regulate blood pH by adjusting ventilation, as well as bringing in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.

How do the kidneys contribute to homeostasis?

The kidneys filter blood, remove wastes, and adjust water and electrolyte excretion; they also contribute to blood volume, pressure, and acid–base balance.

How does ADH help conserve water?

ADH acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing the water lost in urine.