9. Societal Implications and Responsible Data Use Free Online FlashCards

What is privacy?

Privacy is the ability to control information about oneself and live without inappropriate observation or interference.

What makes consent meaningful?

Meaningful consent is informed, specific, voluntary, revocable, and accessible agreement to a data practice.

Define surveillance.

Surveillance is the systematic observation or tracking of people, places, or activities.

How do privacy and security differ?

Privacy concerns appropriate control and use of information; security protects information and systems from unauthorized access, alteration, loss, or destruction.

Authentication versus authorization?

Authentication verifies who is attempting access; authorization limits what an authenticated person may view or change.

What is data minimization?

Data minimization means collecting only the minimum necessary information for a legitimate purpose. Data never collected cannot be exposed in a breach.

Who is the data subject?

A data subject is the person whom the data describes.

What is sampling bias?

Sampling bias occurs when some groups are missing or underrepresented in a dataset.

Define historical bias.

Historical bias occurs when data reflects past discrimination or unequal opportunity.

What is a proxy variable?

A proxy variable is a seemingly neutral variable that indirectly represents a sensitive characteristic.

What does accountability require?

Accountability means responsibility is assigned and enforceable through documentation, audits, monitoring, and meaningful remedies.

What is a chilling effect?

A chilling effect occurs when people avoid lawful activities because they believe they are being monitored.