Political Culture, Identity, and Society Free Online FlashCards

What is citizenship?

Citizenship is formal membership in a political community, normally involving civil, political, and social rights as well as responsibilities.

Which citizenship principle is based on place of birth?

Jus soli grants citizenship primarily on the basis of place of birth.

What is political culture?

Political culture is the set of widely shared beliefs, values, and expectations about politics and government.

What is political socialization?

Political socialization is the process through which people develop political beliefs through agents such as family, schools, media, parties, and social movements.

What is a cross-cutting cleavage?

A cross-cutting cleavage occurs when social divisions overlap only partially, connecting people across groups and potentially reducing conflict.

What is identity mobilization?

Identity mobilization is the deliberate activation of identity divisions through political messages, laws, speeches, or media.

What does ethnicity refer to?

Ethnicity is a shared sense of ancestry, history, culture, language, or heritage.

What is assimilation as a state response?

Assimilation promotes one dominant language and culture across the state. It may strengthen common identity but can generate resistance among minorities.

What is a theocracy?

A theocracy is a system in which religious authorities or religious law exercise direct political power.

What is descriptive representation?

Descriptive representation means that officials reflect demographic characteristics of the population they represent.

What is political polarization?

Political polarization occurs when political preferences become more sharply divided, especially when opponents are portrayed as enemies of the nation or social order.

What is a reinforcing cleavage?

A reinforcing cleavage occurs when several social divisions overlap, intensifying exclusion and making political conflict harder to resolve.