Free Practice Quiz Question List

09 Justice, Inequality, and System Legitimacy Online Quiz Questions

Use this free practice quiz with 20 questions to review 09 Justice, Inequality, and System Legitimacy, test your knowledge, and prepare for your next test or exam.

20 questions

True or false

1 point

A justice institution may be unpopular yet still exercise legitimate authority if it acts lawfully and fairly.

A
True
B
False

Choose one

1 point

Which description best captures access to justice?

A
Being allowed to enter a courthouse
B
Being able to understand rights, navigate procedures, communicate with decision-makers, and obtain needed legal help
C
Receiving the same outcome as every other person
D
Having every legal matter decided in a public proceeding

Choose one

1 point

What does equal protection require in the context of criminal justice?

A
Every criminal case must have the same result.
B
Government must respect constitutional limits and avoid unlawful discrimination.
C
Courts must always grant a defendant's preferred outcome.
D
All legal distinctions between people are prohibited.

Choose one

1 point

Researchers find that one group experiences a higher rate of detention than another. What conclusion is justified by that difference alone?

A
It proves that every decision involving the group was discriminatory.
B
It signals a need for investigation but does not, by itself, prove why the difference occurred.
C
It shows that legal rules had no effect on the outcomes.
D
It establishes that the group difference is fair.

Choose all

1 point

Which features are associated with procedural justice? Select all that apply.

A
Giving people an opportunity to speak
B
Ensuring that every person receives the same outcome
C
Making decisions impartially and consistently
D
Using public popularity as the sole test of a decision
E
Treating people respectfully

Choose all

1 point

Which are rights provided to victims under the federal Crime Victims' Rights Act? Select all that apply.

A
Reasonable protection
B
Timely notice of public proceedings
C
The right to decide the court's verdict
D
An opportunity to be heard at specified proceedings
E
The right to require the judge to adopt the victim's preferred sentence

True or false

1 point

True or false: If authorities treat someone respectfully, that procedural fairness by itself makes any otherwise unlawful action lawful.

A
True
B
False

Choose one

1 point

What does the Legal Services Corporation's 2022 figure about 92% refer to?

A
It describes the share of criminal defendants who lacked counsel.
B
It reports the share of low-income Americans' civil legal problems for which they received no or insufficient legal help.
C
It measures the share of civil cases that resulted in a trial.
D
It shows the share of all Americans who were unable to enter a courthouse.

Written response

1 point

In the Legal Services Corporation's 2022 study, for what percentage of their civil legal problems did low-income Americans receive no or insufficient legal help?

Written response

1 point

What two-word term describes fairness concerned with how benefits, burdens, and outcomes are distributed?

Fill in the blank

1 point

In a system-wide example of accumulating effects, people who cannot afford release may be more likely to remain , with differences carrying forward into later case decisions.

Fill in the blank

1 point

To support meaningful victim participation, agencies should provide and , without pressuring people to participate in ways they do not want.

Open ended

1 point

A court is considering reminders, remote appearance options, transportation support, or clearer notices to reduce missed appearances. What factors should it examine to determine whether the policy improves attendance without undermining fairness or legitimacy?

Written response

1 point

In the Legal Services Corporation's 2022 study, what percentage of low-income Americans' civil legal problems received no or insufficient legal help?

Written response

1 point

What term describes the belief that an institution has rightful authority to make decisions?

True or false

1 point

A police officer listens respectfully and explains a stop. If the stop was unlawful, does the fairness of that interaction by itself make the stop lawful?

A
True
B
False

Choose one

1 point

Two people receive different outcomes in criminal cases with different circumstances. Which statement best describes what the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection guarantee requires?

A
Every case must receive the same result, regardless of its circumstances.
B
Government must respect constitutional limits and avoid unlawful discrimination, even though cases may have different results.
C
A decision is constitutionally fair whenever most people approve of it.
D
Respectful treatment alone guarantees equal protection.

Choose one

1 point

Researchers find different arrest rates between two racial groups. What is the most careful conclusion based on that difference alone?

A
It proves that every decision affecting the group was discriminatory.
B
It shows the difference is fair if the same pattern appears at several stages.
C
It is a signal to investigate; the difference alone does not establish its cause.
D
It shows that the groups must have had identical circumstances.

Choose one

1 point

A person cannot understand court notices because they are not available in a language the person understands. Which response best reduces an access-to-justice barrier?

A
Provide an interpreter and accessible information so the person can understand and participate in the process.
B
Treat courthouse entry as sufficient access, regardless of whether the person can understand the proceedings.
C
Require the person to find an informal interpreter before the hearing.
D
Delay the person's case until they can use the standard forms without assistance.

Choose one

1 point

Which approach best balances victims' participation with other requirements of a fair criminal proceeding?

A
Require every victim to attend all proceedings so the case can move forward.
B
Let victim advocates determine the accused person's guilt before trial.
C
Limit victims to providing evidence and exclude them from any other participation.
D
Provide information and support for voluntary participation while protecting the accused person's rights and the court's impartial role.