A community reduces children's exposure to lead before any related health problems occur. Which level of prevention best describes this action?
3 Prevention and Health Promotion Online Quiz Questions
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A team wants to know whether a community program was delivered as planned and which groups it reached. Which evaluation focus best fits these questions?
- A
Process evaluation
- B
Outcome evaluation
- C
Impact or effectiveness evaluation
- D
Efficiency evaluation
A positive screening result, by itself, confirms that the person has the condition.
- A
True
- B
False
Before-and-after measures can show whether an outcome changed, while comparison groups can help assess whether an intervention contributed to that change.
- A
True
- B
False
In evaluation planning, a simple can connect an intervention's resources and activities to its expected outcomes.
Which evaluation aspect asks whether resources were used appropriately in relation to the results?
A community wants to make walking more achievable. Which approach best reflects health promotion's attention to both individual opportunities and conditions in the community?
- A
Rely on messages encouraging people to walk, without addressing barriers in their neighborhood.
- B
Offer guidance on walking only after residents have developed health problems.
- C
Pair encouragement to walk with safe sidewalks, accessible parks, and street design that supports walking.
- D
Replace community participation with a policy that does not consider local conditions.
Finding a condition through screening that would not have caused problems during a person's lifetime is called .
During which evaluation step should a team compare results with its goals, consider alternative explanations and unintended effects, and acknowledge limitations?
Which factors should be considered when deciding whether a screening program is sound? Select all that apply.
- A
Evidence that early detection can improve outcomes
- B
Potential harms such as false-positive or false-negative results
- C
The accuracy of follow-up diagnosis
- D
Whether people can access appropriate care after a result
- E
The assumption that more testing is always better
Which practices strengthen the interpretation of an intervention evaluation? Select all that apply.
- A
Examine whether benefits and burdens differ across groups.
- B
Involve affected communities in interpreting findings.
- C
Protect people's privacy.
- D
Acknowledge limitations when interpreting results.
- E
Ignore unintended effects if the main target was met.
Before specifying an intervention's activities or selecting data sources, an evaluation team identifies the health need, setting, available resources, and affected communities. Which evaluation-planning step is it carrying out?
- A
Describe the intervention's activities and how they are expected to lead to change.
- B
Assess the context, including the health need, setting, resources, and affected communities.
- C
Gather evidence using selected indicators and data sources.
- D
Use findings to adapt, continue, expand, or discontinue the intervention.
Screening recommendations may differ according to population and risk, so decisions should follow current, evidence-based guidance rather than assume that more testing is always better.
- A
True
- B
False
A community is planning a public health program and wants to evaluate it systematically. Describe an evaluation plan that covers context, the intervention and its expected changes, evaluation questions and evidence, interpretation of findings, and how results would be used. Include how the team could consider equity and protect privacy.
A community offers vaccination to people who have not developed the illness the vaccine prevents. Which level of prevention best describes this intervention?
- A
Primary prevention
- B
Secondary prevention
- C
Tertiary prevention
- D
Health promotion only
A clinic offers a test to people without recognized symptoms to identify those who may have a condition early enough for intervention. Which level of prevention best describes the test's purpose?
- A
Primary prevention
- B
Secondary prevention
- C
Tertiary prevention
- D
Rehabilitation
A city wants to promote walking. Which plan best reflects health promotion as well as individual behavior change?
- A
Focus only on giving people information about exercise
- B
Replace community improvements with individual counseling
- C
Combine encouragement to walk with safe sidewalks and supportive street design
- D
Offer clinical treatment only to people who already have limited mobility
A screening result incorrectly suggests that an asymptomatic person may have a condition. Which potential screening harm could follow?
- A
A false-negative result that gives misleading reassurance
- B
A false-positive result that leads to anxiety and additional testing
- C
Overdiagnosis of a condition that would cause problems during the person's lifetime
- D
Timely access to appropriate care after a result
An evaluator asks whether a program was delivered as planned and which groups it reached. What is the full name of this evaluation focus?
A team wants to map how a program's resources and activities are expected to lead to short- and longer-term outcomes. What planning tool should it use?