04 Migration from Japan, Korea, and South Asia Free Online FlashCards

How did many Japanese migrants first come to Hawai‘i?

Plantation companies recruited Japanese workers to Hawai‘i, where they faced long hours, close management, and unequal treatment.

What political change did Hawai‘i undergo in 1898?

Hawai‘i was an independent kingdom until 1898, when it became a U.S. territory.

What work did Japanese migrants pursue beyond Hawai‘i’s plantations?

Some Japanese migrants left plantations for mainland work in agriculture, railroads, fishing, sawmills, and mining; others established farms and businesses.

Who were “picture brides” in Japanese American communities?

After the 1907 Gentlemen’s Agreement restricted Japanese labor immigration, wives and children could still join men already in the United States. Some women arrived as “picture brides,” with marriages arranged through photographs and family networks.

How did Issei and Nisei differ in citizenship status?

Issei, or first-generation Japanese immigrants, were barred from naturalization. U.S.-born Nisei, or second-generation Japanese Americans, were citizens by birth.

What was the effect of the 1924 Immigration Act on migration from Japan?

The 1924 Immigration Act effectively ended immigration from Japan.

When did the first large group of Korean migrants arrive in Hawai‘i?

The first large group arrived in Hawai‘i in 1903, recruited for sugar plantations. Migration from Korea was halted in 1905.

What roles did Korean community institutions play?

Churches, mutual-aid groups, and village associations offered social support and helped maintain ties among workers and families.

How did Japanese imperial rule shape Korean American political organizing?

Japan made Korea a protectorate in 1905 and annexed it in 1910. Korean American communities supported independence organizing against Japanese rule.

What diversity did the label “Hindu” obscure among early South Asian migrants?

Many early arrivals were Sikh men from Punjab, then part of British India; smaller numbers were Hindus and Muslims. The indiscriminate label “Hindu” obscured religious and regional differences.

What happened to South Asian laborers in Bellingham in 1907?

In 1907, white workers attacked South Asian laborers in Bellingham, Washington, and drove the community from the city.

How did the 1917 Immigration Act affect migration from British India?

The 1917 Immigration Act barred entry from much of Asia, including British India.