09/10 Introduction to Applied Ethics Free Online FlashCards

What is applied ethics?

Applied ethics systematically examines moral questions arising in particular situations, institutions, professions, and technologies.

How do descriptive ethics and metaethics differ?

Descriptive ethics studies what people believe, while metaethics examines the meaning and status of moral claims.

What does consequentialism evaluate?

Consequentialism judges actions by whether their consequences are at least as good as those of available alternatives.

What is the central focus of deontology?

Deontology evaluates conduct through duties, rules, rights, and principles rather than consequences alone.

What does virtue ethics emphasize?

Virtue ethics asks what a virtuous and practically wise person would do, emphasizing character and human flourishing.

What is moral reasoning?

Moral reasoning is practical reasoning aimed at deciding what one ought to do using reasons that can be examined and offered to others.

Who should stakeholder analysis include?

Stakeholders include directly and indirectly affected people, vulnerable groups, future generations, and the wider community.

What does proportionality require in ethical analysis?

Proportionality asks whether expected benefits justify burdens and whether a less restrictive alternative could achieve the same goal.

What is the retributive justification for punishment?

Retributive approaches justify punishment through proportional desert: punishment should respond to wrongdoing rather than merely produce useful effects.

What makes a privacy policy ethically responsible?

Ethical privacy policy limits collection to necessary data, explains its purpose, protects it from misuse, and sets retention and deletion rules.

How do formal and substantive equality differ?

Formal equality applies the same rule to everyone; substantive equality addresses structural disadvantages and unequal effects.

What duties commonly belong to professional responsibility?

Professional responsibility includes competence, honesty, confidentiality, transparency about risks, conflict avoidance, accountability, and preventing or reporting serious harm.