10/10 Case Studies and Ethical Analysis Free Online FlashCards

What does consequentialism evaluate?

Consequentialism evaluates actions by their results, preferring the option that produces better overall consequences than available alternatives.

What does deontology emphasize?

Deontology evaluates actions through duties, rules, rights, and respect for persons, even when violating a duty might produce desirable results.

What is the focus of virtue ethics?

Virtue ethics asks what a morally excellent person would do and what character traits an action strengthens, emphasizing character and human flourishing.

What is moral reasoning?

Moral reasoning is practical reasoning about what one ought to do; it identifies reasons, compares alternatives, handles conflicts, and forms an intention to act.

What is applied ethics?

Applied ethics uses ethical concepts and theories to examine problems in particular fields, such as medicine, business, technology, law, and public policy.

How should an ethical analysis handle facts and assumptions?

Separate known facts, unknown facts, unverified assumptions, and legal, financial, technical, institutional, or time constraints before deciding.

Who counts as a stakeholder?

Stakeholders are people or groups affected by a decision or able to influence its outcome, including vulnerable people, future users, institutions, and communities.

Why should ethical analysis avoid false dilemmas?

A strong analysis generates realistic alternatives beyond a simple yes-or-no choice, including delay, a pilot, safeguards, a different approach, or refusal.

What does the justice lens ask?

The justice lens asks who receives benefits, who bears burdens, and whether people are treated equitably.

What four parts belong in a defensible conclusion?

A defensible conclusion states the decision, gives the main reasons, answers the strongest objection, and explains safeguards, implementation, monitoring, and review.

How should the hospital deploy the triage AI?

The hospital should use a limited, independently monitored pilot with trained clinicians retaining final responsibility, rather than deploy the system autonomously.

Why is autonomous AI triage ethically problematic?

Triage AI requires fairness, transparency, accountability, privacy protection, and meaningful human oversight because unequal errors could harm already disadvantaged groups.