1 Network Services Foundations and Lab Setup Free Online FlashCards

What network settings can DHCP provide, and which UDP ports does IPv4 DHCP use?

DHCP automatically provides network settings such as an IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS resolver. IPv4 DHCP uses UDP ports 67 and 68.

How can DHCP requests reach a server on a different subnet?

A router or DHCP relay is needed to forward DHCP requests between subnets; clients on the same subnet can discover a server by broadcast.

How does a client send traffic to local versus remote destinations?

For a local destination, a client uses ARP to find the next-hop Ethernet address. For a remote destination, it sends the packet to its default gateway.

How does a router choose where to forward a packet?

A router consults its routing table to choose a path for a packet.

What does NAT do, and what is it distinct from?

NAT translates addresses at a network boundary and may also translate ports for many-to-one NAT. It is distinct from routing and from a firewall.

What does DNS resolve, and does it choose a packet's route?

DNS translates names into resource records, commonly IP addresses. It does not choose the route to an address.

Which transports and port does DNS commonly use?

DNS commonly uses UDP and also supports TCP on port 53.

What is NTP used for, and which UDP port does it typically use?

NTP synchronizes device clocks and typically uses UDP port 123. Accurate time makes logs and event sequences easier to compare.

Name two ways QoS policies can handle network traffic.

QoS policies classify and handle traffic through methods such as marking, shaping, policing, or assigning forwarding priority.

What can QoS manage under constrained resources, and what does packet marking not guarantee?

QoS can manage delay, jitter, loss, or bandwidth when resources are constrained, but marking packets alone does not guarantee better end-to-end service.

How do internal, host-only, and bridged virtual networks differ?

Internal networking keeps VM traffic within the virtual network; host-only can also connect the host to the VMs. Bridged networking connects a VM to the physical LAN.

What should you check when choosing a private subnet for a lab?

Choose a private IPv4 subnet that does not overlap with existing networks; the example lab subnet is `192.168.50.0/24`.