15/19 15. Art, Revolution, and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century Free Online FlashCards

What did Neoclassicism use classical antiquity to express?

Neoclassicism revived Greek and Roman forms to express order, civic virtue, moral seriousness, and political duty.

What is the sublime in Romantic art?

The sublime is an experience of awe, terror, or wonder before forces that exceed ordinary human scale or control.

What did Realism seek to represent?

Realism represented contemporary life, ordinary people, labor, and social conditions without the idealization associated with academic art.

What made academic art an institutional system?

Academic art was an institutional system governing training, genres, exhibitions, prizes, professional recognition, and artistic prestige.

Why did history painting rank highest academically?

History painting ranked highest because it was believed to combine intellectual invention, moral instruction, and mastery of the human figure.

What conflict does David’s Oath of the Horatii dramatize?

In Oath of the Horatii, rigid male groupings represent public duty while grieving women represent private sorrow, dramatizing civic obligation versus personal feeling.

How does Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People combine history and allegory?

Liberty Leading the People combines references to a contemporary uprising with allegory: a female figure representing Liberty carries the French flag over barricades.

What issues does Géricault’s The Raft of the Medusa raise?

The Raft of the Medusa turns a recent shipwreck into a monumental moral and political image about incompetence, class, abandonment, and state responsibility.

How does A Burial at Ornans challenge academic subject hierarchies?

Courbet gave a provincial funeral monumental scale, challenging the assumption that only noble stories or idealized bodies deserved large-scale art.

Why was Courbet’s Pavilion of Realism significant?

Courbet’s Pavilion of Realism was an independent exhibition organized near the official 1855 Exposition Universelle after his works were rejected.

What is Orientalism in nineteenth-century art?

Orientalism represented the “Orient” through Western systems of knowledge, fantasy, and power, often portraying it as exotic, timeless, sensual, or violent.

How did photography affect painting?

Photography challenged painting’s role in visual description, encouraging painters to emphasize memory, imagination, color, gesture, symbolism, or paint’s material qualities.