3 Oxygen Delivery and Monitoring Free Online FlashCards

What is oxygenation?

Oxygenation is the movement of oxygen from the lungs into arterial blood and then to the tissues.

What is a common $\mathrm{SpO_2}$ target for most acutely ill adults?

For most adults with acute illness, a common target is $\mathrm{SpO_2}$ of $94\text{–}98\%$, unless an individualized target is prescribed.

When is a nasal cannula commonly used?

A nasal cannula is commonly used for spontaneously breathing patients with a modest oxygen need, typically at $1\text{–}6\ \mathrm{L/min}$. Its delivered oxygen concentration varies.

What should be assessed before relying on an oxygen saturation reading?

Assess airway patency, respiratory rate and effort, chest movement, color, mental status, circulation, and ability to speak; watch for signs such as exhaustion or worsening alertness.

What is the key fire-safety rule around supplemental oxygen?

Oxygen-enriched environments make fires start more easily and burn more intensely. Keep oxygen away from smoking, vaping, flames, sparks, and heat.

What does ventilation do?

Ventilation is the movement of air into and out of the lungs, which removes carbon dioxide.

Why is oxygen alone insufficient for ineffective breathing?

Supplemental oxygen can improve low blood oxygen, but it does not correct ineffective breathing or remove carbon dioxide. Airway support or assisted ventilation may be needed.

What common oxygen target applies to adults at risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure?

A common target is $\mathrm{SpO_2}$ of $88\text{–}92\%$, with the prescribed target and local protocol taking precedence.

What is the minimum flow for a simple face mask, and why?

A simple face mask is usually run at $5\text{–}10\ \mathrm{L/min}$; do not use it below $5\ \mathrm{L/min}$, because exhaled carbon dioxide may accumulate.

What makes a Venturi mask useful when delivering oxygen?

A Venturi mask is useful when a more controlled oxygen concentration is needed. Use the specified adapter and flow, and keep its air-entrainment ports unobstructed.

How should a reservoir mask be prepared and used?

For severe hypoxemia or critical illness in a spontaneously breathing patient, use a high flow—commonly $10\text{–}15\ \mathrm{L/min}$—and inflate the reservoir before application.

What does high-flow nasal cannula provide?

High-flow nasal cannula delivers heated, humidified gas at high flow with adjustable $\mathrm{FiO_2}$. It may be considered for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in an appropriately monitored setting.