4 Cardiopulmonary and Vascular Diagnostics Free Online FlashCards

How should a patient prepare for a routine resting ECG?

A routine resting ECG is usually painless and needs no special preparation. Tell the care team about medicines, and do not stop them unless instructed.

What should a patient record when symptoms occur during Holter monitoring?

Record when symptoms occur and what activity was happening. This helps clinicians relate symptoms to the recorded heart rhythm.

What preparation is appropriate before an exercise stress test?

Wear comfortable clothes and walking shoes, and ask the testing team about medicines, food, and drinks. Do not change prescribed medicines independently.

What may ST-segment depression during stress-test exertion suggest?

Horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depression during exertion may suggest reduced blood flow to heart muscle. It is not a definitive diagnosis by itself.

Should a patient take an inhaled bronchodilator before spirometry?

Follow the testing team’s instructions. Whether to withhold a bronchodilator, and for how long, depends on the medicine and purpose of the test.

What pattern does a reduced $\mathrm{FEV}_1/\mathrm{FVC}$ ratio commonly suggest?

A reduced $\mathrm{FEV}_1/\mathrm{FVC}$ ratio most commonly suggests an obstructive ventilatory pattern.

What does vascular Doppler ultrasound assess?

Vascular Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to assess vessels and blood flow. It can help evaluate blockages or blood clots.

Which findings after femoral-access catheterization require prompt reporting?

Report rapid swelling or bleeding at the puncture site, or a cold, blue, numb, or tingling foot, immediately to the care team.

Do ECG electrodes send electricity into the body?

ECG electrodes record the heart’s electrical activity; they do not send electricity into the body.

What should a patient do if concerning symptoms develop during a stress test?

Report chest pain, severe breathlessness, dizziness, or unusual weakness promptly, and stop when instructed by staff.

What is monitored during and after an exercise stress test?

Staff monitor heart rhythm, blood pressure, breathing, and symptoms during testing. Heart rate and blood pressure are also checked during recovery.

How should a patient perform a spirometry maneuver?

Seal the lips around the mouthpiece and follow instructions to inhale deeply and exhale forcefully. Repeated coached efforts may be needed.