5 Infiltration and Extravasation Free Online FlashCards

What is IV infiltration?

Infiltration is leakage of a nonvesicant IV solution or medication into the surrounding tissue.

What is IV extravasation?

Extravasation is leakage of a vesicant—a substance capable of causing tissue damage—into the surrounding tissue.

What should guide terminology when facilities define infiltration and extravasation differently?

Some facilities use these terms differently. Identify the infusing agent and follow local policy.

Which factors affect potential tissue harm from an infiltration or extravasation?

Potential harm depends on the substance, amount, location, and duration of exposure.

What local findings can suggest infiltration or extravasation?

Possible signs include swelling, pain or discomfort, coolness or blanching, redness, leakage, and a slowed or stopped infusion.

Does a pump alarm reliably confirm or rule out an IV site complication?

No. An event can occur with or without a pump alarm; an alarm does not establish that the site is safe.

What is the immediate response to suspected vesicant extravasation?

Stop the infusion and follow the agent-specific extravasation protocol; promptly notify the appropriate clinician.

Why should you not flush a line when vesicant extravasation is suspected?

Flushing can force more medication into the tissue.

Why may a catheter remain briefly after stopping a suspected vesicant extravasation?

The catheter may be used to aspirate residual medication and, if indicated, deliver a medication-specific antidote. Follow the relevant protocol.

How should a nonvesicant infiltration be managed?

Stop the infusion, assess the area, and follow facility policy for catheter removal, elevation, and compresses. Do not restart through the affected site.

Which IV access practices support prevention and early detection?

Secure the catheter and dressing, and choose a site that can be observed and assessed.

How can ongoing assessment and patient reporting help detect an event early?

Check the site and ask about discomfort during infusion, especially with high-risk medications. Teach the patient to report pain, burning, swelling, or tightness promptly.