5 Pharmacology Practice Questions and Explanations Free Online FlashCards

What does pharmacokinetics describe?

Pharmacokinetics describes how the body handles a drug, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

What processes does ADME represent?

ADME stands for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

What is the first-pass effect?

The first-pass effect is metabolism in the intestinal wall and liver before an orally absorbed drug reaches general circulation; it can reduce the amount of unchanged drug reaching circulation.

How does albumin binding affect a drug's immediate tissue availability?

Drug bound to albumin is generally less available to cross into tissues immediately than the unbound portion.

Which fraction of a drug is generally available to reach targets?

The unbound fraction is generally available to reach tissues and interact with drug targets.

What can happen when a drug-metabolizing enzyme is inhibited?

Inhibiting an enzyme that breaks down a medication may slow its metabolism, increasing its exposure and potentially its adverse-effect risk.

How can enzyme induction affect a drug's exposure?

Enzyme induction can increase drug metabolism and potentially reduce the drug's exposure.

What may declining kidney function do to a drug eliminated in urine?

Reduced renal clearance can slow elimination, prolong drug exposure, and allow a drug or its metabolites to accumulate.

What is an agonist?

An agonist binds to and activates a receptor, producing a response.

What does an antagonist do at a receptor?

An antagonist binds in a way that blocks or reduces activation by an agonist.

What is a therapeutic effect?

A therapeutic effect is the intended beneficial response to a medication.

Can an unwanted drug effect occur when medication is used as directed?

An unwanted response may be a side effect or, if harmful or clinically significant, an adverse effect; it can occur even when a drug is used as directed.