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10. Significance Tests and Statistical Inference Online Quiz Questions

Use this free practice quiz with 20 questions to review 10. Significance Tests and Statistical Inference, test your knowledge, and prepare for your next test or exam.

20 questions
01
Choose one
1 point

Which statement most accurately defines a p-value?

  1. A

    The probability that the null hypothesis is true

  2. B

    The probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, of obtaining a result at least as extreme as the observed result

  3. C

    The probability that the alternative hypothesis is true

  4. D

    The probability that the observed result occurred by random chance alone

02
Choose one
1 point

Which statement correctly describes the null hypothesis in a significance test?

  1. A

    It must always state that the population parameter is greater than a value

  2. B

    It is a statement about the sample statistic only

  3. C

    It contains equality and represents the baseline claim about a population parameter

  4. D

    It is accepted whenever the p-value is greater than alpha

03
Choose one
1 point

Under the standard p-value decision rule, what decision should be made when the p-value is less than or equal to the chosen significance level?

  1. A

    Reject the null hypothesis

  2. B

    Accept the null hypothesis as proven true

  3. C

    Fail to reject the null hypothesis

  4. D

    Conclude that the alternative hypothesis is false

04
Choose all
1 point

Which two statements correctly describe p-values? Select all that apply.

  1. A

    It is calculated assuming the null hypothesis is true

  2. B

    It is the probability that the null hypothesis is true

  3. C

    It concerns results at least as extreme as the observed result

  4. D

    It directly measures the practical importance of the effect

05
Choose all
1 point

Which factors generally increase the power of a significance test? Select all that apply.

  1. A

    Larger sample size

  2. B

    Greater measurement variability

  3. C

    Larger true effect

  4. D

    Lower variability

06
True or false
1 point

True or false: The direction of the alternative hypothesis should be chosen before examining the results.

  1. A

    True

  2. B

    False

07
True or false
1 point

True or false: If a test fails to reject the null hypothesis, the null hypothesis has been proven true.

  1. A

    True

  2. B

    False

08
Written response
1 point

What statistical term names the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis?

09
Fill in the blank
1 point

Complete the significance-test process: after stating the hypotheses, calculate a and then find and interpret the .

10
Fill in the blank
1 point

Complete the error definitions: rejecting a true null hypothesis is a , whereas failing to reject a false null hypothesis is a .

11
Open ended
1 point

In a random sample of 200 people, 120 support a policy. A right-tailed test of H0: p = 0.50 versus Ha: p > 0.50 produces p = 0.002 at alpha = 0.05. Write a complete statistical conclusion in context.

12
Choose one
1 point

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between a 95% confidence interval and a corresponding two-sided significance test at alpha = 0.05?

  1. A

    It must always have a narrower range than a 90% confidence interval and contain no null values

  2. B

    It generally excludes the null value when the corresponding two-sided test rejects at alpha = 0.05

  3. C

    It is the probability that the null hypothesis is true

  4. D

    It can only be used for population proportions

13
Choose one
1 point

Which statement best describes the null hypothesis in a significance test?

  1. A

    The sample statistic observed in the study

  2. B

    The baseline claim about a population parameter

  3. C

    The probability that the alternative hypothesis is true

  4. D

    The size of the practical effect

14
True or false
1 point

True or false: A p-value is the probability that the null hypothesis is true.

  1. A

    True

  2. B

    False

15
Choose one
1 point

A test produces a p-value of 0.08 with significance level α=0.05\alpha=0.05. What is the appropriate decision?

  1. A

    Reject the null hypothesis because the result is not statistically significant

  2. B

    Accept the null hypothesis as proven true

  3. C

    Fail to reject the null hypothesis

  4. D

    Conclude that the alternative hypothesis is false

16
Written response
1 point

A random sample of 25 calls has mean xˉ=72\bar{x}=72 seconds and standard deviation s=10s=10 seconds. To test H0:μ=70H_0:\mu=70, calculate the one-sample tt-statistic and round it to two decimal places.

17
Choose one
1 point

A two-sided significance test reports a p-value of 0.03, and the preselected significance level is α=0.05\alpha=0.05. What decision should be made?

  1. A

    Reject H0H_0

  2. B

    Fail to reject H0H_0

  3. C

    Accept H0H_0 as true

  4. D

    Increase alpha after seeing the result

18
Written response
1 point

What term describes whether an observed effect is large enough to matter in a real-world decision or application?

19
Choose one
1 point

Which situation is a Type II error?

  1. A

    Rejecting a true null hypothesis

  2. B

    Rejecting a false null hypothesis

  3. C

    Failing to reject a true null hypothesis

  4. D

    Failing to reject a false null hypothesis

20
Written response
1 point

A random sample of 200 people contains 120 who support a policy. To test the null hypothesis that the population proportion is 0.50, calculate the positive one-proportion z-statistic. Round your answer to two decimal places; answers within 0.01 of the exact value are accepted.