2 Metabolic and Respiratory Acid–Base Disorders Online Quiz Questions

True or false: In a primary metabolic acid–base disorder, pH and HCO₃⁻ move in the same direction.

An ABG shows pH 7.29, PaCO₂ 32 mm Hg, and HCO₃⁻ 18 mEq/L. Which primary acid–base disorder best explains the pH?

A patient with persistent vomiting develops metabolic alkalosis. Which associated manifestations may occur?

Which conditions can cause respiratory acidosis through inadequate ventilation? Select all that apply.

For metabolic acidosis with HCO₃⁻ 16 mEq/L, use Winter’s formula, $\mathrm{PaCO_2} = (1.5 \times \mathrm{HCO_3^-}) + 8$, to calculate the predicted PaCO₂ midpoint. Enter the value in mm Hg, before applying the $\pm 2$ range.

A patient has an abnormal ABG. Which actions align with the recommended treatment priorities? Select all that apply.

True or false: Compensation for a primary acid–base disorder normally overshoots and moves the pH to the opposite side of the normal range.

A patient with metabolic acidosis has HCO₃⁻ 10 mEq/L and a measured PaCO₂ of 35 mm Hg. Using Winter’s formula, $\mathrm{PaCO_2} = (1.5 \times \mathrm{HCO_3^-}) + 8 \pm 2$ mm Hg, which interpretation is most appropriate?

A patient with fever and rapid breathing has pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 28 mm Hg, and HCO₃⁻ 21 mEq/L. Identify the primary acid–base disorder and explain whether rapid breathing should automatically be treated as anxiety.

What can be concluded from an ABG when its values show a clear acid–base pattern?

A patient with stable chronic lung disease has pH 7.34, PaCO₂ 60 mm Hg, and HCO₃⁻ 32 mEq/L. Which interpretation best explains the elevated bicarbonate?

In an uncomplicated acid–base disorder, compensation normally moves the pH toward normal without overshooting or fully normalizing it.

An adult has an arterial blood gas with pH $7.31$, PaCO₂ $30$ mm Hg, and HCO₃⁻ $15$ mEq/L. Which primary acid–base disorder best explains the acidemia?

A patient develops metabolic acidosis during ketoacidosis. Which mechanism from the listed causes best accounts for the acidosis?

In chronic respiratory acidosis, what renal adaptation is suggested by an elevated HCO₃⁻?

Severe diarrhea can cause metabolic acidosis. What direct acid–base mechanism explains this effect?

Which symptom pair can occur with metabolic alkalosis, sometimes in association with low potassium or volume depletion?

A patient who is difficult to awaken after taking sedating medication has a pH of 7.25, PaCO₂ of 60 mm Hg, and HCO₃⁻ of 26 mEq/L. What is the primary disorder?