Free Practice Quiz Question List

6 Translation and Gene Expression Online Quiz Questions

Use this free practice quiz with 20 questions to review 6 Translation and Gene Expression, test your knowledge, and prepare for your next test or exam.

20 questions

True or false

1 point

True or false: Any difference in an organism’s DNA must change a protein and produce a visible difference in its phenotype.

A
True
B
False

Written response

1 point

What term means the observable features of an organism?

Choose one

1 point

Two different mRNA codons specify the same amino acid. Which conclusion best describes this feature of the genetic code?

A
A codon can specify several different amino acids, depending on the cell.
B
Different codons can specify the same amino acid, while each codon has one meaning in a given genetic code.
C
Every amino acid is specified by exactly one codon.
D
A codon specifies an amino acid only when it is part of DNA.

Fill in the blank

1 point

The ribosome assembles on an mRNA molecule at a start site during .

Written response

1 point

Which mRNA codon usually marks the start of translation and codes for methionine?

Choose one

1 point

A ribosome is translating an mRNA molecule. In which direction does it move along the mRNA?

A
From 3′ to 5′, reading codons backward.
B
In either direction, depending on the amino acid sequence.
C
From 5′ to 3′, reading codons in order.
D
From the middle of the mRNA toward both ends.

Choose all

1 point

Select all statements that correctly describe what happens during translation.

A
The ribosome reads mRNA codons in order.
B
The ribosome reads mRNA from 3′ to 5′.
C
A tRNA anticodon pairs with a matching mRNA codon.
D
The ribosome links amino acids with peptide bonds.
E
A tRNA delivers a stop codon to the ribosome.

Fill in the blank

1 point

A tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with an mRNA codon and carries the corresponding .

True or false

1 point

True or false: When a stop codon enters the ribosome, translation ends and the newly made polypeptide is released.

A
True
B
False

Choose one

1 point

A gene encodes an enzyme involved in pigment production. A DNA sequence difference changes the enzyme’s structure and reduces its activity. What is the best-supported conclusion?

A
The organism’s coloration must change because any enzyme change produces a visible effect.
B
Pigment production may be affected, which can influence coloration.
C
The enzyme change cannot affect coloration unless the pigment itself is a protein.
D
The gene’s DNA sequence directly creates pigment without involving a gene product.

Choose all

1 point

Select all statements that are supported about how traits develop.

A
Gene expression affects when, where, and how much a gene is used.
B
Every trait is controlled by exactly one gene.
C
Some traits are influenced by many genes.
D
Environmental conditions can affect how traits develop.
E
A gene’s expression level has no possible role in traits.

True or false

1 point

True or false: The genetic code is nearly universal across organisms, although a few exceptions exist.

A
True
B
False

Choose one

1 point

A newly made polypeptide has been released from a ribosome. Which outcome is consistent with how it can become part of a functional protein?

A
It is immediately converted back into mRNA.
B
It always remains an unfolded chain and has no functional role.
C
It folds into a particular shape and may undergo further modification or join other polypeptides.
D
It is broken into codons before it can function.

Open ended

1 point

Explain how information in a protein-coding gene can contribute to an organism’s trait. Include the roles of transcription, translation, and a protein, and explain why a DNA sequence difference does not always produce a visible change.

Choose one

1 point

What does a codon represent during translation?

A
A group of three DNA nucleotides that always codes for one amino acid
B
A group of three mRNA nucleotides that specifies an amino acid or a translation signal
C
A group of three amino acids linked during translation
D
A group of three tRNAs that carries a polypeptide

Written response

1 point

In which direction does a ribosome move along an mRNA molecule?

Choose one

1 point

At the start of translation, a ribosome encounters the AUG start codon. Which event is associated with initiation?

A
A tRNA carrying a stop signal pairs with AUG
B
The ribosome releases the completed polypeptide
C
A tRNA carrying methionine pairs with AUG
D
The ribosome links the polypeptide to the DNA

Choose one

1 point

During elongation, what role does a tRNA play when its anticodon matches an mRNA codon?

A
Its anticodon pairs with a matching mRNA codon, and it carries the corresponding amino acid
B
Its anticodon pairs with a matching amino acid, and it carries an mRNA codon
C
It binds to DNA and carries a newly made protein to the ribosome
D
It recognizes any mRNA codon and carries the same amino acid each time

Written response

1 point

What type of bond links amino acids together as a ribosome assembles a polypeptide?

Choose one

1 point

A stop codon enters the ribosome during translation. What happens next?

A
The ribosome returns to the DNA and copies the gene
B
The next amino acid is linked to the tRNA anticodon
C
The mRNA is converted directly into a folded protein
D
Translation ends and the newly made polypeptide is released