02 The Reformation and Religious Change Free Online FlashCards

What were indulgences?

Indulgences were grants associated with remission of penalties for sin.

What did Martin Luther challenge in 1517?

In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the use of indulgences, and his dispute widened into a break with Rome.

What were two central teachings of Martin Luther?

Luther taught that salvation came through faith and that the Bible held supreme authority in Christian belief.

How did printing help the Reformation?

Printing helped spread religious arguments to a wider audience.

What idea did Reformed Protestantism emphasize?

John Calvin helped shape Reformed Protestantism, which emphasized God's sovereignty.

What did the Act of Supremacy establish in England?

The Act of Supremacy of 1534 made the monarch head of the English church.

What did the Council of Trent reaffirm?

The Council of Trent reaffirmed Catholic doctrines, including the importance of the sacraments.

What institutional improvements did the Council of Trent call for?

The Council of Trent called for improvements in clerical education and discipline.

What were the Jesuits' main roles in Catholic renewal?

The Jesuits promoted education, missionary work, and Catholic renewal.

What choice did the Peace of Augsburg give territorial rulers?

The 1555 Peace of Augsburg allowed rulers in the Holy Roman Empire to choose Catholicism or Lutheranism for their territories.

What were two limits of the Peace of Augsburg?

The Peace of Augsburg did not recognize Calvinism or give individuals general freedom to choose their faith.

What did the Edict of Nantes do for French Huguenots?

The 1598 Edict of Nantes ended the main phase of fighting between Catholics and Huguenots and granted Huguenots limited rights and protections.