05 Revolution and Political Change Free Online FlashCards

What did “no taxation without representation” express?

Colonists objected to British taxes and trade restrictions imposed without their consent in Parliament, captured by the slogan “no taxation without representation.”

Where did fighting begin in 1775?

Fighting began at Lexington and Concord in 1775, turning political protest into war.

What principle did the Declaration of Independence assert?

Adopted on July 4, 1776, it argued that people possessed rights and could change a government that violated them.

How did Saratoga affect the American war effort?

The American victory at Saratoga helped persuade France to ally with the rebels; French money, troops, and naval power aided their cause.

What happened at Yorktown in 1781?

British forces surrendered at Yorktown in 1781 after American and French forces surrounded them.

What did the 1783 Treaty of Paris establish?

The 1783 Treaty of Paris formally recognized the United States as independent.

How were the American Revolution’s founding ideals limited?

Slavery continued, and women and many others lacked equal political rights, so the ideals were applied unevenly.

What pressures helped cause the French Revolution?

France faced a severe financial crisis, unequal tax burdens, poor harvests, and high bread prices; Enlightenment ideas also challenged absolute monarchy and unequal laws.

What did the Third Estate do in 1789?

The Third Estate declared itself a National Assembly and pledged to create a constitution.

What was the Bastille, and when was it stormed?

Parisians stormed the Bastille, a royal fortress and prison, on July 14, 1789.

What principles did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen proclaim?

It proclaimed liberty, legal equality, and national sovereignty.

What happened to France’s monarchy in 1792–1793?

France became a republic in 1792, and Louis XVI was executed in January 1793.