11 The End of the Cold War and a Changing World Order Free Online FlashCards

What did perestroika mean?

Perestroika was economic and political restructuring introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev.

How did Gorbachev’s reduced use of force affect Eastern Europe?

Gorbachev reduced reliance on force to control Eastern European allies, giving local opposition movements more room to act.

How did Solidarity gain a role in Poland’s government?

Poland’s Solidarity opposition movement entered government after negotiations and elections.

When did East Germany open its borders and crowds begin crossing the Berlin Wall?

East Germany opened its borders on November 9, 1989, and crowds began crossing the Berlin Wall.

When did East and West Germany reunify?

East and West Germany reunified on October 3, 1990, after negotiations involving the two German governments and the four occupying powers.

When was the Warsaw Pact formally disbanded?

The Warsaw Pact was formally disbanded on July 1, 1991.

What followed the Soviet Union’s dissolution in December 1991?

The Soviet Union dissolved in December 1991, leaving Russia and fourteen other independent states.

Why do 1989 and 1991 mark different stages of the Cold War’s end?

1989 is often used as the symbolic end of the Cold War; 1991 marks its formal conclusion with the end of the Warsaw Pact and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

How did global power shift from bipolarity toward unipolarity after 1991?

Bipolar describes a system led by two superpowers; after 1991, some observers described the United States’ unmatched position as unipolar.

How did UN peacekeeping missions expand their roles in the early 1990s?

In the early 1990s, UN peacekeeping missions increasingly helped implement peace agreements, support elections, and assist with postwar reconstruction.

What did conflicts following Yugoslavia’s breakup demonstrate?

The breakup of Yugoslavia led to conflicts in the 1990s, demonstrating that the end of superpower rivalry did not end war.

What did glasnost mean?

Glasnost meant greater openness.