13 The Reproductive System Free Online FlashCards

What chromosome number do human gametes contain?

Gametes are haploid cells with 23 chromosomes, half the chromosome number of most body cells.

What does meiosis accomplish in gamete production?

Meiosis reduces chromosome number to form haploid gametes and creates genetic variation.

What is the epididymis’s role in the path of sperm?

Sperm mature and are stored in the epididymides before traveling through the ductus deferens.

What do the ovaries produce?

The ovaries produce oocytes and hormones, including estrogens and progesterone.

Where does fertilization usually occur?

Fertilization usually occurs within a uterine tube.

How does GnRH initiate hormonal signaling in the reproductive axis?

The hypothalamus releases GnRH, which signals the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH.

What are two key functions of the placenta?

The placenta exchanges oxygen, nutrients, and wastes between maternal and fetal blood supplies without normally mixing them directly; it also produces hormones that help maintain pregnancy.

Where does spermatogenesis occur, and how many sperm can one primary spermatocyte produce?

Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules; each primary spermatocyte can produce four haploid sperm.

How do the accessory glands contribute to semen?

The seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands add fluids that nourish, protect, and transport sperm; together these fluids and sperm form semen.

What is the endometrium, and what is its role in implantation?

The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus where a blastocyst may implant and develop.

What is the outcome of oogenesis?

Oogenesis produces one large functional gamete and small polar bodies.

How do LH, FSH, and testosterone act in the testes?

In the testes, LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone; FSH and testosterone support sperm production through Sertoli cells.